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Azerbaijan - a nation with a majority-Turkic and majority-shia Muslim population - was briefly independent (from 1918 to 1920) following the collapse of the Russian Empire; it was subsequently incorporated into the Soviet Union for seven decades. Despite a 1994 cease-fire, Azerbaijan has yet to resolve its conflict with Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh, a primarily Armenian-populated region that Moscow recognized as part of Soviet Azerbaijan in the 1920s after Armenia and Azerbaijan disputed the status of the territory. Armenia and Azerbaijan began fighting over the area in 1988; the struggle escalated after both countries attained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By May 1994, when a cease-fire took hold, ethnic Armenian forces held not only Nagorno-Karabakh but also seven surrounding provinces in the territory of Azerbaijan. Corruption in the country is ubiquitous, and the government, which eliminated presidential term limits in a 2009 referendum, has been accused of authoritarianism. Although the poverty rate has been reduced in recent years due to revenue from oil production, the promise of widespread wealth resulting from the continued development of Azerbaijan's energy sector remains largely unfulfilled.


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Government

Country name
Conventional long form Republic of Azerbaijan
Conventional short form Azerbaijan
Local long form Azarbaycan Respublikasi
Local short form Azarbaycan
Former
Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic

Government type
Republic

Capital
Name Baku (Baki, Baky)
Geographic coordinates 40 23 N, 49 52 E
Time difference
UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Daylight saving time
+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Administrative divisions
66 rayons (rayonlar; rayon - singular), 11 cities (saharlar; sahar - singular);
Rayons
Abseron, Agcabadi, Agdam, Agdas, Agstafa, Agsu, Astara, Babak, Balakan, Barda, Beylaqan, Bilasuvar, Cabrayil, Calilabad, Culfa, Daskasan, Fuzuli, Gadabay, Goranboy, Goycay, Goygol, Haciqabul, Imisli, Ismayilli, Kalbacar, Kangarli, Kurdamir, Lacin, Lankaran, Lerik, Masalli, Neftcala, Oguz, Ordubad, Qabala, Qax, Qazax, Qobustan, Quba, Qubadli, Qusar, Saatli, Sabirabad, Sabran, Sadarak, Sahbuz, Saki, Salyan, Samaxi, Samkir, Samux, Sarur, Siyazan, Susa, Tartar, Tovuz, Ucar, Xacmaz, Xizi, Xocali, Xocavand, Yardimli, Yevlax, Zangilan, Zaqatala, Zardab
Cities
Baki, Ganca, Lankaran, Mingacevir, Naftalan, Naxcivan, Saki, Sirvan, Sumqayit, Xankandi, Yevlax

Independence
30 August 1991 (declared from the Soviet Union); 18 October 1991 (adopted by the Supreme Council of Azerbaijan)

National holiday
Founding of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan, 28 May (1918)

Constitution
Adopted 12 November 1995; modified by referendum 24 August 2002

Legal system
Civil law system

International law organization participation
Has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

Suffrage
18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state
President Ilham ALIYEV (since 31 October 2003)
Head of government
Prime Minister Artur RASIZADE (since 4 November 2003); First Deputy Prime Minister Yaqub EYYUBOV (since June 2006)
Cabinet
Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly
Elections
President elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for unlimited terms); election last held on 15 October 2008 (next to be held in October 2013); prime minister and first deputy prime minister appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly
Election results
Ilham ALIYEV reelected president; percent of vote - Ilham ALIYEV 89%, Igbal AGHAZADE 2.9%, five other candidates with smaller percentages
Note
Several political parties boycotted the election due to unfair conditions; OSCE observers concluded that the election did not meet international standards

Legislative branch
Unicameral National Assembly or Milli Mejlis (125 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
Elections
Last held on 7 November 2010 (next to be held in November 2015)
Election results
Percent of vote by party - YAP 45.8%, CSP 1.6%, Motherland 1.4%, independents 48.2%, other 3.1%; seats by party - YAP 71, CSP 3, Motherland 2, Democratic Reforms 1, Great Creation 1, Hope Party 1, Social Welfare 1, Civil Unity 1, Whole Azerbaijan Popular Front 1, Justice 1, independents 42

Judicial branch
Constitutional Court the president proposes judges of all the courts to the Parliament which appoints them; Supreme Court; Economic Court

Political parties and leaders
Azerbaijan Democratic Party or ADP [Sardar JALALOGLU]; Civil Solidarity Party or CSP [Sabir RUSTAMKHANLI]; Civil Unity Party [Sabir HACIYEV]; Classic People's Front of Azerbaijan [Mirmahmud MIRALI-OGLU]; Democratic Reform Party [Asim MOLLAZADE]; Great Creation Party [Fazil Gazanfaroglu MUSTAFAYEV]; Hope (Umid) Party [Iqbal AGAZADE]; Justice Party [Ilyas ISMAYILOV]; Liberal Party of Azerbaijan [Lala Shovkat HACIYEVA]; Motherland Party [Fazail AGAMALI]; Musavat (Equality) [Isa GAMBAR, chairman]; Open Society Party [Rasul GULIYEV, in exile in the US]; Social Democratic Party of Azerbaijan or SDP [Araz ALIZADE and Ayaz MUTALIBOV (in exile)]; Social Welfare Party [Hussein KAZIMLI]; United Popular Azerbaijan Front Party or AXCP [Ali KARIMLI]; Whole Azerbaijan Popular Front Party [Gudrat HASANGULIYEV]; Yeni (New) Azerbaijan Party or YAP [President Ilham ALIYEV]
Note
Opposition parties regularly factionalize and form new parties

Political pressure groups and leaders
Azerbaijan Public Forum [Eldar NAMAZOV]; Karabakh Liberation Organization

International organization participation
ADB, BSEC, CE, CICA, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)

Diplomatic representation in the us
Chief of mission Ambassador Elin SULEYMANOV
Chancery
2741 34th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
Telephone [1] (202) 337-3500
FAX [1] (202) 337-5911
Consulate(s) general Los Angeles

Diplomatic representation from the us
Chief of mission
Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Adam STERLING
Embassy
83 Azadlig Prospecti, Baku AZ1007
Mailing address
American Embassy Baku, US Department of State, 7050 Baku Place, Washington, DC 20521-7050
Telephone
[994] (12) 4980-335 through 337
FAX [994] (12) 4656-671

Flag description
Three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), red, and green; a crescent and eight-pointed star in white are centered in the red band; the blue band recalls Azerbaijan's Turkic heritage, red stands for modernization and progress, and green refers to Islam; the crescent moon is an Islamic symbol, while the eight-pointed star represents the eight Turkic peoples of the world

National symbol(s)
Flames of fire

National anthem
Name
"Azerbaijan Marsi" (March of Azerbaijan)
Lyrics/music Ahmed JAVAD/Uzeyir HAJIBEYOV
Note
Adopted 1992; although originally written in 1919 during a brief period of independence, "Azerbaijan Marsi" did not become the official anthem until after the dissolution of the Soviet Union


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Azerbaijan (Baku):
Country Flag
Country Locator

GPS points from Azerbaijan (Baku)

square Hivari Lerik Rayonu

square Nehram Su Anbari Nakhichevan

square Kazanchi Nakhichevan

square Kechaye Chay Azerbaijan (general)

square Farzali G D B Y

square Arayatly Fuzuli Rayonu

square Mamedabad Saatli Rayonu

square Stantsiya Navagi Haciqabul Rayonu




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