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GeographyLocation
Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Panama and Venezuela, and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador and Panama Geographic coordinates
4 00 N, 72 00 W
Map references
South America
Area World Ranking: 26
Total 1,138,910 sq km
Land 1,038,700 sq km Water 100,210 sq km Note Includes Isla de Malpelo, Roncador Cay, and Serrana Bank Area - comparative
Slightly less than twice the size of Texas Land boundaries
Total 6,309 km
Border countries Brazil 1,644 km, Ecuador 590 km, Panama 225 km, Peru 1,800 km, Venezuela 2,050 km Coastline
3,208 km (Caribbean Sea 1,760 km, North Pacific Ocean 1,448 km) Maritime claims
Territorial sea 12 nm
Exclusive economic zone 200 nm Continental shelf 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation Climate
Tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands Terrain
Flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high Andes Mountains, eastern lowland plains Elevation extremes
Lowest point Pacific Ocean 0 m
Highest point Pico Cristobal Colon 5,775 m Note Nearby Pico Simon Bolivar also has the same elevation Natural resources
Petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, copper, emeralds, hydropower Land use
Arable land 2.01%
Permanent crops 1.37% Other 96.62% (2005) Irrigated land
9,000 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources
2,132 cu km (2000)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)
Total 10.71 cu km/yr (50%/4%/46%)
Per capita 235 cu m/yr (2000) Natural hazards
Highlands subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional earthquakes; periodic droughts Volcanism Galeras (elev. 4,276 m) is one of Colombia's most active volcanoes, having erupted in 2009 and 2010 causing major evacuations; it has been deemed a "Decade Volcano" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Nevado del Ruiz (elev. 5,321 m), 129 km (80 mi) west of Bogota, erupted in 1985 producing lahars that killed 23,000 people; the volcano last erupted in 1991; additionally, after 500 years of dormancy, Nevado del Huila reawakened in 2007 and has experienced frequent eruptions since then; other historically active volcanoes include Cumbal, Dona Juana, Nevado del Tolima, and Purace Environment - current issues
Deforestation; soil and water quality damage from overuse of pesticides; air pollution, especially in Bogota, from vehicle emissions Environment - international agreements
Party to
Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands Signed, but not ratified Law of the SeaGeography - note
Only South American country with coastlines on both the North Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea
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Colombia (Bogota):
GPS points from Colombia (Bogota)
Alto Las Cruces Cundinamarca
Quebrada El Remolio Departamento Del Valle Del Cauca
La Gloria Meta
Rincon Barravieja Departamento Del Magdalena
La Ceiba Departamento De Arauca
San Jacinto Departamento De Bolivar
Rio Chili Departamento De Tolima
El Guamo Departamento Del Caqueta |
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