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GeographyLocation
Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip, and the Red Sea north of Sudan, and includes the Asian Sinai Peninsula Geographic coordinates
27 00 N, 30 00 E
Map references
Africa
Area World Ranking: 30
Total 1,001,450 sq km
Land 995,450 sq km Water 6,000 sq km Area - comparative
Slightly more than three times the size of New Mexico Land boundaries
Total 2,665 km
Border countries Gaza Strip 11 km, Israel 266 km, Libya 1,115 km, Sudan 1,273 km Coastline
2,450 km
Maritime claims
Territorial sea 12 nm
Contiguous zone 24 nm Exclusive economic zone 200 nm Continental shelf 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation Climate
Desert; hot, dry summers with moderate winters Terrain
Vast desert plateau interrupted by Nile valley and delta Elevation extremes
Lowest point Qattara Depression -133 m
Highest point Mount Catherine 2,629 m Natural resources
Petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, manganese, limestone, gypsum, talc, asbestos, lead, rare earth elements, zinc Land use
Arable land 2.92%
Permanent crops 0.5% Other 96.58% (2005) Irrigated land
35,300 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources
86.8 cu km (1997)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)
Total 68.3 cu km/yr (8%/6%/86%)
Per capita 923 cu m/yr (2000) Natural hazards
Periodic droughts; frequent earthquakes; flash floods; landslides; hot, driving windstorms called khamsin occur in spring; dust storms; sandstorms Environment - current issues
Agricultural land being lost to urbanization and windblown sands; increasing soil salination below Aswan High Dam; desertification; oil pollution threatening coral reefs, beaches, and marine habitats; other water pollution from agricultural pesticides, raw sewage, and industrial effluents; limited natural freshwater resources away from the Nile, which is the only perennial water source; rapid growth in population overstraining the Nile and natural resources Environment - international agreements
Party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands Signed, but not ratified None of the selected agreements Geography - note
Controls Sinai Peninsula, only land bridge between Africa and remainder of Eastern Hemisphere; controls Suez Canal, a sea link between Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Sea; size, and juxtaposition to Israel, establish its major role in Middle Eastern geopolitics; dependence on upstream neighbors; dominance of Nile basin issues; prone to influxes of refugees from Sudan and the Palestinian territories
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