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GeographyLocation
Southern Africa, an enclave of South Africa Geographic coordinates
29 30 S, 28 30 E
Map references
Africa
Area World Ranking: 142
Total 30,355 sq km
Land 30,355 sq km Water 0 sq km Area - comparative
Slightly smaller than Maryland
Land boundaries
Total 909 km
Border countries South Africa 909 km Coastline
0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims
None (landlocked)
Climate
Temperate; cool to cold, dry winters; hot, wet summers Terrain
Mostly highland with plateaus, hills, and mountains Elevation extremes
Lowest point
Junction of the Orange and Makhaleng Rivers 1,400 m Highest point Thabana Ntlenyana 3,482 mNatural resources
Water, agricultural and grazing land, diamonds, sand, clay, building stone Land use
Arable land 10.87%
Permanent crops 0.13% Other 89% (2005) Irrigated land
30 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources
5.2 cu km (1987)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)
Total 0.05 cu km/yr (40%/40%/20%)
Per capita 28 cu m/yr (2000) Natural hazards
Periodic droughts
Environment - current issues
Population pressure forcing settlement in marginal areas results in overgrazing, severe soil erosion, and soil exhaustion; desertification; Highlands Water Project controls, stores, and redirects water to South Africa Environment - international agreements
Party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands Signed, but not ratified None of the selected agreements Geography - note
Landlocked, completely surrounded by South Africa; mountainous, more than 80% of the country is 1,800 m above sea level
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