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GeographyLocation
Interior Western Africa, southwest of Algeria, north of Guinea, Cote d'Ivoire, and Burkina Faso, west of Niger Geographic coordinates
17 00 N, 4 00 W
Map references
Africa
Area World Ranking: 24
Total 1,240,192 sq km
Land 1,220,190 sq km Water 20,002 sq km Area - comparative
Slightly less than twice the size of Texas Land boundaries
Total 7,243 km
Border countries Algeria 1,376 km, Burkina Faso 1,000 km, Guinea 858 km, Cote d'Ivoire 532 km, Mauritania 2,237 km, Niger 821 km, Senegal 419 km Coastline
0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims
None (landlocked)
Climate
Subtropical to arid; hot and dry (February to June); rainy, humid, and mild (June to November); cool and dry (November to February) Terrain
Mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast Elevation extremes
Lowest point Senegal River 23 m
Highest point Hombori Tondo 1,155 m Natural resources
Gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, gypsum, granite, hydropower Note Bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper deposits are known but not exploited Land use
Arable land 3.76%
Permanent crops 0.03% Other 96.21% (2005) Irrigated land
2,360 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources
100 cu km (2001)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)
Total 6.55 cu km/yr (9%/1%/90%)
Per capita 484 cu m/yr (2000) Natural hazards
Hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; recurring droughts; occasional Niger River flooding Environment - current issues
Deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; inadequate supplies of potable water; poaching Environment - international agreements
Party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling Signed, but not ratified None of the selected agreements Geography - note
Landlocked; divided into three natural zones: the southern, cultivated Sudanese; the central, semiarid Sahelian; and the northern, arid Saharan
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