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People And SocietyNationality
Noun Mauritanian(s)
Adjective Mauritanian Ethnic groups
Mixed Moor/black 40%, Moor 30%, black 30% Languages
Arabic (official and national), Pulaar, Soninke, Wolof (all national languages), French, Hassaniya Religions
Muslim (official) 100%
Population World Ranking: 133
3,359,185 (July 2012 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years
40.4% (male 665,314/female 660,352) 15-64 years 56.2% (male 866,859/female 975,821) 65 years and over 3.5% (male 48,075/female 65,213) (2011 est.) Median age
Total 19.6 years
Male 18.8 years Female 20.6 years (2012 est.) Population growth rate World Ranking: 35
2.323% (2012 est.)
Birth rate World Ranking: 32
32.78 births/1,000 population (2012 est.) Death rate World Ranking: 79
8.66 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.) Net migration rate World Ranking: 149
-0.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.) Urbanization
Urban population 41% of total population (2010)
Rate of urbanization 2.9% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.) Major cities - population
NOUAKCHOTT (capital) 709,000 (2009) Sex ratio
At birth 1.03 male(s)/female
Under 15 years 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years 0.89 male(s)/female 65 years and over 0.74 male(s)/female Total population 0.93 male(s)/female (2011 est.) Maternal mortality rate World Ranking: 18
510 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) Infant mortality rate World Ranking: 34
Total 58.93 deaths/1,000 live births
Male 64.02 deaths/1,000 live births Female 53.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.) Life expectancy at birth World Ranking: 185
Total population 61.53 years
Male 59.3 years Female 63.82 years (2012 est.) Total fertility rate World Ranking: 35
4.22 children born/woman (2012 est.) Health expenditures World Ranking: 120
5.7% of GDP (2009)
Physicians density
0.13 physicians/1,000 population (2009) Hospital bed density
0.4 beds/1,000 population (2006) Hiv/aids - adult prevalence rate World Ranking: 60
0.7% (2009 est.)
Hiv/aids - people living with hiv/aids World Ranking: 87
14,000 (2009 est.)
Hiv/aids - deaths World Ranking: 75
Fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.)
Major infectious diseases
Degree of risk High
Food or waterborne diseases Bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever Vectorborne diseases Malaria and Rift Valley feverRespiratory disease Meningococcal meningitis Animal contact disease Rabies (2009) Children under the age of 5 years underweight World Ranking: 46
16.7% (2008)
Education expenditures World Ranking: 87
4.4% of GDP (2008)
Literacy
Definition
Age 15 and over can read and write Total population 58%Male 64.9% Female 51.2% (2010 est.) School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
Total 8 years
Male 8 years Female 8 years (2007)
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Mauritania (Nouakchott):
 
GPS points from Mauritania (Nouakchott)
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Independent from France in 1960, Mauritania annexed the southern third of the former Spanish Sahara (now Western Sahara) in 1976 but relinquished it after three years of raids by the Polisario guerrilla front seeking independence for the territory. Maaouya Ould Sid Ahmed TAYA seized power in a coup in 1984 and ruled Mauritania with a heavy hand for more than two decades. A series of presidential elections that he held were widely seen as flawed. A bloodless coup in August 2005 deposed President TAYA and ushered in a military council that oversaw a transition to democratic rule. Independent candidate Sidi Ould Cheikh ABDALLAHI was inaugurated in April 2007 as Mauritania's first freely and fairly elected president. His term ended prematurely in August 2008 when a military junta led by General Mohamed Ould Abdel AZIZ deposed him and ushered in a military council government. AZIZ was subsequently elected president in July 2009 and sworn in the following month. The country continues to experience ethnic tensions among its black population (Afro-Mauritanians) and white and black Moor (Arab-Berber) communities, and is having to confront a growing terrorism threat by al-Qa'ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM).