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GeographyLocation
Southern Asia, between China and India Geographic coordinates
28 00 N, 84 00 E
Map references
Asia
Area World Ranking: 94
Total 147,181 sq km
Land 143,351 sq km Water 3,830 sq km Area - comparative
Slightly larger than Arkansas
Land boundaries
Total 2,926 km
Border countries China 1,236 km, India 1,690 km Coastline
0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims
None (landlocked)
Climate
Varies from cool summers and severe winters in north to subtropical summers and mild winters in south Terrain
Tarai or flat river plain of the Ganges in south, central hill region, rugged Himalayas in north Elevation extremes
Lowest point Kanchan Kalan 70 m
Highest point Mount Everest 8,850 m Natural resources
Quartz, water, timber, hydropower, scenic beauty, small deposits of lignite, copper, cobalt, iron ore Land use
Arable land 16.07%
Permanent crops 0.85% Other 83.08% (2005) Irrigated land
11,680 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources
210.2 cu km (1999)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)
Total 10.18 cu km/yr (3%/1%/96%)
Per capita 375 cu m/yr (2000) Natural hazards
Severe thunderstorms; flooding; landslides; drought and famine depending on the timing, intensity, and duration of the summer monsoons Environment - current issues
Deforestation (overuse of wood for fuel and lack of alternatives); contaminated water (with human and animal wastes, agricultural runoff, and industrial effluents); wildlife conservation; vehicular emissions Environment - international agreements
Party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands Signed, but not ratified Marine Life ConservationGeography - note
Landlocked; strategic location between China and India; contains eight of world's 10 highest peaks, including Mount Everest and Kanchenjunga - the world's tallest and third tallest - on the borders with China and India respectively
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