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The Pacific coast of Nicaragua was settled as a Spanish colony from Panama in the early 16th century. Independence from Spain was declared in 1821 and the country became an independent republic in 1838. Britain occupied the Caribbean Coast in the first half of the 19th century, but gradually ceded control of the region in subsequent decades. Violent opposition to governmental manipulation and corruption spread to all classes by 1978 and resulted in a short-lived civil war that brought the Marxist Sandinista guerrillas to power in 1979. Nicaraguan aid to leftist rebels in El Salvador caused the US to sponsor anti-Sandinista contra guerrillas through much of the 1980s. After losing free and fair elections in 1990, 1996, and 2001, former Sandinista President Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra was elected president in 2006 and reelected in 2011. The 2008 municipal elections, 2010 regional elections, and November 2011 presidential elections were marred by widespread irregularities. Nicaragua's infrastructure and economy - hard hit by the earlier civil war and by Hurricane Mitch in 1998 - are slowly being rebuilt, but democratic institutions have been weakened under the ORTEGA administration.


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Military

Military branches
National Army of Nicaragua (Ejercito Nacional de Nicaragua, ENN; includes Navy, Air Force) (2010)

Military service age and obligation
18-30 years of age for voluntary military service; tour of duty 18-36 months; requires Nicaraguan nationality and 6th-grade education (2008)

Manpower available for military service
Males age 16-49 1,452,107
Females age 16-49 1,552,698 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service
Males age 16-49 1,227,757
Females age 16-49 1,335,653 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually
Male 69,093
Female 67,522 (2010 est.)

Military expenditures World Ranking: 158
0.6% of GDP (2006)


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Nicaragua (Managua):
Country Flag
Country Locator

GPS points from Nicaragua (Managua)

square Sinecapa Leon

square Corn Creek Atlantico Sur

square La Lanza Chinandega

square La Concha Departamento De Boaco


square Rica Jinotega

square Little Tungwara Cay Atlantico Sur

square Emperatriz Carazo




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