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Upon independence in 1960, the former French region of Middle Congo became the Republic of the Congo. A quarter century of experimentation with Marxism was abandoned in 1990 and a democratically elected government took office in 1992. A brief civil war in 1997 restored former Marxist President Denis SASSOU-Nguesso, and ushered in a period of ethnic and political unrest. Southern-based rebel groups agreed to a final peace accord in March 2003, but the calm is tenuous and refugees continue to present a humanitarian crisis. The Republic of Congo was once one of Africa's largest petroleum producers, but with declining production it will need new offshore oil finds to sustain its oil earnings over the long term.


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Government

Country name
Conventional long form Republic of the Congo
Conventional short form Congo (Brazzaville)
Local long form Republique du Congo
Local short form None
Former
Middle Congo, Congo/Brazzaville, Congo

Government type
Republic

Capital
Name Brazzaville
Geographic coordinates 4 15 S, 15 17 E
Time difference
UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Administrative divisions
10 regions (regions, singular - region) and 1 commune*; Bouenza, Brazzaville*, Cuvette, Cuvette-Ouest, Kouilou, Lekoumou, Likouala, Niari, Plateaux, Pool, Sangha

Independence
15 August 1960 (from France)

Constitution
Approved by referendum 20 January 2002

Legal system
Mixed legal system of French civil law and customary law

International law organization participation
Has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Suffrage
18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state
President Denis SASSOU-Nguesso (since 25 October 1997, following the civil war in which he toppled elected president Pascal LISSOUBA); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
Head of government
President Denis SASSOU-Nguesso (since 25 October 1997); note - the position of prime minister was abolished in September 2009
Cabinet
Council of Ministers appointed by the president
Elections
President elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 12 July 2009 (next to be held in 2016)
Election results
Denis SASSOU-Nguesso reelected president; percent of vote - Denis SASSOU-Nguesso 78.6%, Joseph Kignoumbi Kia MBOUNGOU 7.5%, Nicephore Fylla de SAINT-EUDES 7%, other 6.9%

Legislative branch
Bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (72 seats; members elected by indirect vote to serve five-year terms) and the National Assembly (139 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
Elections
Senate - last held on 5 August 2008 (next to be held in July 2013); National Assembly - last held on 15 July and 5 August 2012 (next to be held in 2017)
Election results
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RMP 33, FDU 23, UPADS 2, independents 7, other 7; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PCT (and allies) 117, UPADS 7, independents 12, vacant 3

Judicial branch
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Political parties and leaders
Action Movement for Renewal or MAR; Congolese Labour Party or PCT; Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development or MCDDI [Michel MAMPOUYA]; Movement for Solidarity and Development or MSD; Pan-African Union for Social Development or UPADS [Martin MBERI]; Rally for Democracy and the Republic or RDR [Raymond Damasge NGOLLO]; Rally for Democracy and Social Progress or RDPS [Jean-Pierre Thystere TCHICAYA, president]; Rally of the Presidential Majority or RMP; Union for Democracy and Republic or UDR; United Democratic Forces or FDU [Sebastian EBAO]; many smaller parties

Political pressure groups and leaders
Congolese Trade Union Congress or CSC; General Union of Congolese Pupils and Students or UGEEC; Revolutionary Union of Congolese Women or URFC; Union of Congolese Socialist Youth or UJSC

International organization participation
ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation in the us
Chief of mission Ambassador Serge MOMBOULI
Chancery
4891 Colorado Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20011
Telephone [1] (202) 726-5500
FAX [1] (202) 726-1860

Diplomatic representation from the us
Chief of mission
Ambassador Christopher W. MURRAY
Embassy
70-83 Section D, Maya-Maya Boulevard, Brazzaville;
Mailing address B.P. 1015, Brazzaville
Telephone [242] 612-6000

Flag description
Divided diagonally from the lower hoist side by a yellow band; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is red; green symbolizes agriculture and forests, yellow the friendship and nobility of the people, red is unexplained but has been associated with the struggle for independence
Note
Uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia

National symbol(s)
Lion; elephant

National anthem
Name
"La Congolaise" (The Congolese)
Lyrics/music
Jacques TONDRA and Georges KIBANGHI/Jean ROYER and Joseph SPADILIERE
Note
Originally adopted 1959, restored 1991


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Republic Of The Congo (Brazzaville):
Country Flag
Country Locator

GPS points from Republic Of The Congo (Brazzaville)

square Ebonza Region De La Sangha

square Soulou Region De La Bouenza

square Omboye Region De La Cuvette-ouest

square Moanda Region Du Kouilou

square Mbokou Region Du Kouilou

square Kikouisa Region Du Niari

square Bolomo Region De La Likouala

square Okomo Region De La Cuvette-ouest




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