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GeographyLocation
Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, east of Ethiopia Geographic coordinates
10 00 N, 49 00 E
Map references
Africa
Area World Ranking: 44
Total 637,657 sq km
Land 627,337 sq km Water 10,320 sq km Area - comparative
Slightly smaller than Texas
Land boundaries
Total 2,340 km
Border countries Djibouti 58 km, Ethiopia 1,600 km, Kenya 682 km Coastline
3,025 km
Maritime claims
Territorial sea 200 nm
Climate
Principally desert; northeast monsoon (December to February), moderate temperatures in north and hot in south; southwest monsoon (May to October), torrid in the north and hot in the south, irregular rainfall, hot and humid periods (tangambili) between monsoons Terrain
Mostly flat to undulating plateau rising to hills in north Elevation extremes
Lowest point Indian Ocean 0 m
Highest point Shimbiris 2,416 m Natural resources
Uranium and largely unexploited reserves of iron ore, tin, gypsum, bauxite, copper, salt, natural gas, likely oil reserves Land use
Arable land 1.64%
Permanent crops 0.04% Other 98.32% (2005) Irrigated land
2,000 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources
15.7 cu km (1997)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)
Total 3.29 cu km/yr (0%/0%/100%)
Per capita 400 cu m/yr (2000) Natural hazards
Recurring droughts; frequent dust storms over eastern plains in summer; floods during rainy season Environment - current issues
Famine; use of contaminated water contributes to human health problems; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification Environment - international agreements
Party to
Biodiversity, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection Signed, but not ratified None of the selected agreements Geography - note
Strategic location on Horn of Africa along southern approaches to Bab el Mandeb and route through Red Sea and Suez Canal
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