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An independent kingdom for much of its long history, Korea was occupied by Japan beginning in 1905 following the Russo-Japanese War. In 1910, Tokyo formally annexed the entire Peninsula. Korea regained its independence following Japan's surrender to the United States in 1945. After World War II, a democratic-based government (Republic of Korea, ROK) was set up in the southern half of the Korean Peninsula while a Communist-style government was installed in the north (the DPRK). During the Korean War (1950-53), US troops and UN forces fought alongside soldiers from the ROK to defend South Korea from DPRK attacks supported by China and the Soviet Union. An armistice was signed in 1953, splitting the peninsula along a demilitarized zone at about the 38th parallel. Thereafter, South Korea under the PARK Chung-hee regime achieved rapid economic growth with per capita income rising to roughly 17 times the level of North Korea. In 1993, KIM Young-sam became South Korea's first civilian president following 32 years of military rule. South Korea today is a fully functioning modern democracy. President LEE Myung-bak has pursued a policy of global engagement since taking office in February 2008, highlighted by Seoul's hosting of the G-20 summit in November 2010 and the Nuclear Security Summit in March 2012, as well as the forthcoming 2018 Winter Olympic Games. Serious tensions with North Korea have punctuated inter-Korean relations in recent years, including the North's sinking of the South Korean warship Cheonan in March 2010 and its artillery attack on South Korean soldiers and citizens in November 2010.


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Military

Military branches
Republic of Korea Army, Navy (includes Marine Corps), Air Force (2011)

Military service age and obligation
20-30 years of age for compulsory military service, with middle school education required; conscript service obligation - 21 months (Army, Marines), 23 months (Navy), 24 months (Air Force); 18-26 years of age for voluntary military service; women, in service since 1950, admitted to 7 service branches, including infantry, but excluded from artillery, armor, anti-air, and chaplaincy corps; HIV-positive individuals are exempt from military service (2010)

Manpower available for military service
Males age 16-49 13,185,794
Females age 16-49 12,423,496 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service
Males age 16-49 10,864,566
Females age 16-49 10,168,709 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually
Male 365,760
Female 321,225 (2010 est.)

Military expenditures World Ranking: 51
2.7% of GDP (2006)


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South Korea (Seoul):
Country Flag
Country Locator

GPS points from South Korea (Seoul)

square Mandae-dan Ch Ungch Ong-namdo

square Choch'iwon Ch Ungch Ong-namdo

square Tongsal-li Ch Ungch Ong-namdo

square Shosan-ri Cholla-namdo

square Ssalsil-li South Korea (general)

square Ch'u-do Kyongsang-namdo

square Hayongjang Kyongsang-bukto

square Hoein Ch Ungch Ong-bukto




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