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A military power during the 17th century, Sweden has not participated in any war for almost two centuries. An armed neutrality was preserved in both world wars. Sweden's long-successful economic formula of a capitalist system interlarded with substantial welfare elements was challenged in the 1990s by high unemployment and in 2000-02 and 2009 by the global economic downturns, but fiscal discipline over the past several years has allowed the country to weather economic vagaries. Sweden joined the EU in 1995, but the public rejected the introduction of the euro in a 2003 referendum.


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Geography

Location
Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, Kattegat, and Skagerrak, between Finland and Norway

Geographic coordinates
62 00 N, 15 00 E

Map references
Europe

Area World Ranking: 56
Total 450,295 sq km
Land 410,335 sq km
Water 39,960 sq km

Area - comparative
Slightly larger than California

Land boundaries
Total 2,233 km
Border countries
Finland 614 km, Norway 1,619 km

Coastline
3,218 km

Maritime claims
Territorial sea
12 nm (adjustments made to return a portion of straits to high seas)
Exclusive economic zone Agreed boundaries or midlines
Continental shelf
200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Climate
Temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north

Terrain
Mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; mountains in west

Elevation extremes
Lowest point
Reclaimed bay of Lake Hammarsjon, near Kristianstad -2.4 m
Highest point Kebnekaise 2,111 m

Natural resources
Iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver, tungsten, uranium, arsenic, feldspar, timber, hydropower

Land use
Arable land 5.93%
Permanent crops 0.01%
Other 94.06% (2005)

Irrigated land
1,600 sq km (2003)

Total renewable water resources
179 cu km (2005)

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)
Total 2.68 cu km/yr (37%/54%/9%)
Per capita 296 cu m/yr (2002)

Natural hazards
Ice floes in the surrounding waters, especially in the Gulf of Bothnia, can interfere with maritime traffic

Environment - current issues
Acid rain damage to soils and lakes; pollution of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea

Environment - international agreements
Party to
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
Signed, but not ratified
None of the selected agreements

Geography - note
Strategic location along Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas


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Sweden (Stockholm):
Country Flag
Country Locator

GPS points from Sweden (Stockholm)

square Alvsjosjon Vaesternorrland

square Vaghult Blekinge

square Stora Stentorp Soedermanland

square Sodra Sytertoppen Vaesterbotten

square Storon Kalmar

square Stommen Vaesterbotten

square Sagen Joenkoeping

square Polberg Gaevleborg




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