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First colonized by the Spanish, the islands came under British control in the early 19th century. The islands' sugar industry was hurt by the emancipation of the slaves in 1834. Manpower was replaced with the importation of contract laborers from India between 1845 and 1917, which boosted sugar production as well as the cocoa industry. The discovery of oil on Trinidad in 1910 added another important export. Independence was attained in 1962. The country is one of the most prosperous in the Caribbean thanks largely to petroleum and natural gas production and processing. Tourism, mostly in Tobago, is targeted for expansion and is growing. The government is coping with a rise in violent crime.


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Economy

Economy - overview
Trinidad and Tobago has earned a reputation as an excellent investment site for international businesses and has one of the highest growth rates and per capita incomes in Latin America. Economic growth between 2000 and 2007 averaged slightly over 8%, significantly above the regional average of about 3.7% for that same period; however, GDP has slowed down since then and contracted during 2009-2011. Growth had been fueled by investments in liquefied natural gas, petrochemicals, and steel. Additional petrochemical, aluminum, and plastics projects are in various stages of planning. Trinidad and Tobago is the leading Caribbean producer of oil and gas, and its economy is heavily dependent upon these resources but it also supplies manufactured goods, notably food products and beverages, as well as cement to the Caribbean region. Oil and gas account for about 40% of GDP and 80% of exports, but only 5% of employment. The country is also a regional financial center, and tourism is a growing sector, although it is not as important domestically as it is to many other Caribbean islands. The economy benefits from a growing trade surplus. The previous MANNING administration benefited from fiscal surpluses fueled by the dynamic export sector; however, declines in oil and gas prices have reduced government revenues which will challenge the new government's commitment to maintaining high levels of public investment.

Gdp (purchasing power parity) World Ranking: 113
$26.88 billion (2011 est.)
$27.24 billion (2010 est.)
$27.24 billion (2009 est.)
Note Data are in 2011 US dollars

Gdp (official exchange rate)
$22.71 billion (2011 est.)

Gdp - real growth rate World Ranking: 206
-1.3% (2011 est.)
0% (2010 est.)
-3.3% (2009 est.)

Gdp - per capita (ppp) World Ranking: 62
$20,300 (2011 est.)
$20,700 (2010 est.)
$20,800 (2009 est.)
Note Data are in 2011 US dollars

Gdp - composition by sector
Agriculture 0.3%
Industry 58.4%
Services 41.3% (2011 est.)

Labor force World Ranking: 154
636,800 (2011 est.)

Labor force - by occupation
Agriculture 3.8%
Manufacturing, mining, and quarrying 12.8%
Construction and utilities 20.4%
Services 62.9% (2007 est.)

Unemployment rate World Ranking: 68
6.4% (2011 est.)
5.8% (2010 est.)

Population below poverty line
17% (2007 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10% NA%
Highest 10% NA%

Investment (gross fixed) World Ranking: 143
12% of GDP (2011 est.)

Budget
Revenues $7.329 billion
Expenditures $8.147 billion (2011 est.)

Taxes and other revenues World Ranking: 80
32.3% of GDP (2011 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) World Ranking: 116
-3.6% of GDP (2011 est.)

Public debt World Ranking: 106
32.7% of GDP (2011 est.)
40.5% of GDP (2010 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) World Ranking: 134
5.1% (2011 est.)
10.5% (2010 est.)

Central bank discount rate World Ranking: 41
4.25% (31 December 2010 est.)
7.25% (31 December 2009 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate World Ranking: 104
7.97% (31 December 2011 est.)
9.3% (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of narrow money World Ranking: 96
$5.073 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$4.565 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of broad money World Ranking: 92
$15.79 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$13.94 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of domestic credit World Ranking: 111
$6.097 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$5.75 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares World Ranking: 68
$14.73 billion (31 December 2011)
$12.16 billion (31 December 2010)
$11.15 billion (31 December 2009)

Agriculture - products
Cocoa, rice, citrus, coffee, vegetables; poultry; sugar

Industries
Petroleum and petroleum products, liquefied natural gas (LNG), methanol, ammonia, urea, steel products, beverages, food processing, cement, cotton textiles

Industrial production growth rate World Ranking: 118
2.1% (2011 est.)

Electricity - production World Ranking: 101
7.419 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - consumption World Ranking: 100
7.246 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - exports
0 kWh (2009 est.)

Electricity - imports
0 kWh (2009 est.)

Oil - production World Ranking: 47
144,900 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Oil - consumption World Ranking: 104
41,000 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Oil - exports World Ranking: 47
242,600 bbl/day (2009 est.)

Oil - imports World Ranking: 64
95,240 bbl/day (2009 est.)

Oil - proved reserves World Ranking: 42
728.3 million bbl (1 January 2011 est.)

Natural gas - production World Ranking: 23
42.38 billion cu m (2010 est.)

Natural gas - consumption World Ranking: 33
21.97 billion cu m (2010 est.)

Natural gas - exports World Ranking: 12
20.41 billion cu m (2010 est.)

Natural gas - imports World Ranking: 136
0 cu m (2010 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves World Ranking: 31
408.2 billion cu m (1 January 2011 est.)

Current account balance World Ranking: 32
$5.058 billion (2011 est.)
$3.845 billion (2010 est.)

Exports World Ranking: 81
$14.63 billion (2011 est.)
$11.21 billion (2010 est.)

Exports - commodities
Petroleum and petroleum products, liquefied natural gas, methanol, ammonia, urea, steel products, beverages, cereal and cereal products, sugar, cocoa, coffee, citrus fruit, vegetables, flowers

Exports - partners
US 43.7%, Spain 5.1%, South Korea 4.8%, Jamaica 4.7% (2011)

Imports World Ranking: 100
$8.911 billion (2011 est.)
$6.503 billion (2010 est.)

Imports - commodities
Mineral fuels, lubricants, machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals, live animals

Imports - partners
US 32.7%, Brazil 10.7%, Russia 6.2%, Gabon 5.7%, Canada 5.1%, China 4.2% (2011)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold World Ranking: 75
$10.21 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$9.692 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Debt - external World Ranking: 122
$4.483 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$3.994 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home World Ranking: 36
$102 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
$12.44 billion (2007)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad World Ranking: 63
$3.829 billion (2007)

Exchange rates
Trinidad and Tobago dollars (TTD) per US dollar -
6.4093 (2011 est.)
6.3755 (2010 est.)
6.3099 (2009)
6.2896 (2008)
6.3275 (2007)

Fiscal year
1 October - 30 September


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Trinidad And Tobago (Port-of-spain):
Country Flag
Country Locator

GPS points from Trinidad And Tobago (Port-of-spain)

square Maracas Saint George

square Guayamare Point Saint David

square Piparo Victoria

square Erin Bouffe Saint Patrick

square Ward Of La Brea Saint Patrick

square Bordenal Savanna Trinidad And Tobago (general)

square Windsor Tobago

square Ward Of Manzanilla Saint Andrew




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