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GeographyLocation
Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin, and South China Sea, as well as China, Laos, and Cambodia Geographic coordinates
16 10 N, 107 50 E
Map references
Southeast Asia
Area World Ranking: 66
Total 331,210 sq km
Land 310,070 sq km Water 21,140 sq km Area - comparative
Slightly larger than New Mexico Land boundaries
Total 4,639 km
Border countries Cambodia 1,228 km, China 1,281 km, Laos 2,130 km Coastline
3,444 km (excludes islands)
Maritime claims
Territorial sea 12 nm
Contiguous zone 24 nm Exclusive economic zone 200 nm Continental shelf 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin Climate
Tropical in south; monsoonal in north with hot, rainy season (May to September) and warm, dry season (October to March) Terrain
Low, flat delta in south and north; central highlands; hilly, mountainous in far north and northwest Elevation extremes
Lowest point South China Sea 0 m
Highest point Fan Si Pan 3,144 m Natural resources
Phosphates, coal, manganese, rare earth elements, bauxite, chromate, offshore oil and gas deposits, timber, hydropower Land use
Arable land 20.14%
Permanent crops 6.93% Other 72.93% (2005) Irrigated land
46,000 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources
891.2 cu km (1999)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)
Total 71.39 cu km/yr (8%/24%/68%)
Per capita 847 cu m/yr (2000) Natural hazards
Occasional typhoons (May to January) with extensive flooding, especially in the Mekong River delta Environment - current issues
Logging and slash-and-burn agricultural practices contribute to deforestation and soil degradation; water pollution and overfishing threaten marine life populations; groundwater contamination limits potable water supply; growing urban industrialization and population migration are rapidly degrading environment in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City Environment - international agreements
Party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands Signed, but not ratified None of the selected agreements Geography - note
Extending 1,650 km north to south, the country is only 50 km across at its narrowest point
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