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Azerbaijan - a nation with a majority-Turkic and majority-shia Muslim population - was briefly independent (from 1918 to 1920) following the collapse of the Russian Empire; it was subsequently incorporated into the Soviet Union for seven decades. Despite a 1994 cease-fire, Azerbaijan has yet to resolve its conflict with Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh, a primarily Armenian-populated region that Moscow recognized as part of Soviet Azerbaijan in the 1920s after Armenia and Azerbaijan disputed the status of the territory. Armenia and Azerbaijan began fighting over the area in 1988; the struggle escalated after both countries attained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By May 1994, when a cease-fire took hold, ethnic Armenian forces held not only Nagorno-Karabakh but also seven surrounding provinces in the territory of Azerbaijan. Corruption in the country is ubiquitous, and the government, which eliminated presidential term limits in a 2009 referendum, has been accused of authoritarianism. Although the poverty rate has been reduced in recent years due to revenue from oil production, the promise of widespread wealth resulting from the continued development of Azerbaijan's energy sector remains largely unfulfilled.


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Economy

Economy - overview
Azerbaijan's high economic growth during 2006-08 was attributable to large and growing oil exports, but some non-export sectors also featured double-digit growth, including construction, banking, and real estate, although most of this increase was tied to growth in the hydrocarbon sector. In 2011, economic growth slowed to 0.2%, largely because oil production reached a plateau. The current global economic slowdown presents some challenges for the Azerbaijani economy as oil prices remain volatile, highlighting Azerbaijan''s reliance on energy exports and lackluster attempts to diversify its economy. Oil exports through the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline remain the main economic driver while efforts to boost Azerbaijan''s gas production are underway. However, Azerbaijan has made only limited progress on instituting market-based economic reforms. Pervasive public and private sector corruption and structural economic inefficiencies remain a drag on long-term growth, particularly in non-energy sectors. Several other obstacles impede Azerbaijan''s economic progress, including the need for stepped up foreign investment in the non-energy sector and the continuing conflict with Armenia over the Nagorno-Karabakh region. Trade with Russia and the other former Soviet republics is declining in importance, while trade is building with Turkey and the nations of Europe. Long-term prospects depend on world oil prices, the location of new oil and gas pipelines in the region, Azerbaijan''s ability to negotiate export routes for its growing gas production, and its ability to manage its energy wealth to promote growth and spur employment in non-energy sectors of the economy.

Gdp (purchasing power parity) World Ranking: 75
$94.25 billion (2011 est.)
$94.16 billion (2010 est.)
$89.71 billion (2009 est.)
Note Data are in 2011 US dollars

Gdp (official exchange rate)
$62.32 billion (2011 est.)

Gdp - real growth rate World Ranking: 195
0.1% (2011 est.)
5% (2010 est.)
9.3% (2009 est.)

Gdp - per capita (ppp) World Ranking: 109
$10,300 (2011 est.)
$10,400 (2010 est.)
$10,000 (2009 est.)
Note Data are in 2011 US dollars

Gdp - composition by sector
Agriculture 5.5%
Industry 62.1%
Services 32.4% (2011 est.)

Labor force World Ranking: 65
6.119 million (2011 est.)

Labor force - by occupation
Agriculture 38.3%
Industry 12.1%
Services 49.6% (2008)

Unemployment rate World Ranking: 6
1% (2011 est.)
1% (2010 est.)

Population below poverty line
11% (2009 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10% 3.4%
Highest 10% 27.4% (2008)

Distribution of family income - gini index World Ranking: 95
33.7 (2008)
36.5 (2001)

Investment (gross fixed) World Ranking: 125
17.1% of GDP (2011 est.)

Budget
Revenues $8.486 billion
Expenditures $19.5 billion (2011 est.)

Taxes and other revenues World Ranking: 202
13.6% of GDP (2011 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) World Ranking: 211
-17.7% of GDP (2011 est.)

Public debt World Ranking: 141
5.5% of GDP (2011 est.)
5.5% of GDP (2010 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) World Ranking: 169
8.1% (2011 est.)
5.7% (2010 est.)

Central bank discount rate World Ranking: 111
3% (31 December 2010 est.)
2% (31 December 2009 est.)
Note
This is the Refinancing Rate, the key policy rate for the National Bank of Azerbaijan

Commercial bank prime lending rate World Ranking: 17
18.99% (31 December 2011 est.)
21% (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of narrow money World Ranking: 71
$12.21 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$8.41 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of broad money World Ranking: 89
$17.68 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$10.39 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of domestic credit World Ranking: 91
$12.72 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$12.24 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares
$NA

Agriculture - products
Cotton, grain, rice, grapes, fruit, vegetables, tea, tobacco; cattle, pigs, sheep, goats

Industries
Petroleum and natural gas, petroleum products, oilfield equipment; steel, iron ore; cement; chemicals and petrochemicals; textiles

Industrial production growth rate World Ranking: 161
-5% (2011 est.)

Electricity - production World Ranking: 67
22.55 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - consumption World Ranking: 71
18.8 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - exports
812 million kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - imports
596 million kWh (2008 est.)

Oil - production World Ranking: 22
1.041 million bbl/day (2010 est.)

Oil - consumption World Ranking: 73
104,000 bbl/day (2010 est.)

Oil - exports World Ranking: 25
651,700 bbl/day (2009 est.)

Oil - imports World Ranking: 186
1,439 bbl/day (2009 est.)

Oil - proved reserves World Ranking: 19
7 billion bbl (1 January 2011 est.)

Natural gas - production World Ranking: 34
16.52 billion cu m (2009 est.)

Natural gas - consumption World Ranking: 45
10.59 billion cu m (2009 est.)

Natural gas - exports World Ranking: 27
5.93 billion cu m (2009 est.)

Natural gas - imports World Ranking: 150
0 cu m (2009 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves World Ranking: 27
849.5 billion cu m (1 January 2011 est.)

Current account balance World Ranking: 22
$17.15 billion (2011 est.)
$15.04 billion (2010 est.)

Exports World Ranking: 63
$34.49 billion (2011 est.)
$26.48 billion (2010 est.)

Exports - commodities
Oil and gas 90%, machinery, cotton, foodstuffs

Exports - partners
Italy 32.4%, France 13.2%, US 7.5%, Germany 6.2%, Indonesia 5.4%, Czech Republic 5.3% (2011)

Imports World Ranking: 95
$10.17 billion (2011 est.)
$6.746 billion (2010 est.)

Imports - commodities
Machinery and equipment, oil products, foodstuffs, metals, chemicals

Imports - partners
Turkey 18.1%, Russia 15.5%, China 7.8%, Germany 7.2%, UK 6.1%, Ukraine 4.6%, Italy 4.2% (2011)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold World Ranking: 74
$10.27 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$6.409 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Debt - external World Ranking: 125
$4.074 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$4.033 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home World Ranking: 81
$10.13 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$8.881 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad World Ranking: 59
$6.34 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$5.79 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Exchange rates
Azerbaijani manats (AZN) per US dollar -
0.7897 (2011 est.)
0.8027 (2010 est.)
0.8038 (2009)
0.8219 (2008)
0.8581 (2007)

Fiscal year
Calendar year


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Azerbaijan (Baku):
Country Flag
Country Locator

GPS points from Azerbaijan (Baku)

square Salamalik Yolayricisi Nakhichevan

square Yuxari Dasarx Nakhichevan


square Dilagarda Fuzuli Rayonu

square Yuxari Qaramanli Neftcala Rayonu

square Gora Khinalykh Qutqashen Rayonu

square Dzhul'yan Ismayilli Rayonu

square Sarydzhaly Agdzhabedinskiy Rayon




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