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GeographyLocation
Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean on the east, North Pacific Ocean on the west, and the Arctic Ocean on the north, north of the conterminous US Geographic coordinates
60 00 N, 95 00 W
Map references
North America
Area World Ranking: 2
Total 9,984,670 sq km
Land 9,093,507 sq km Water 891,163 sq km Area - comparative
Slightly larger than the US
Land boundaries
Total 8,893 km
Border countries US 8,893 km (includes 2,477 km with Alaska) Note Canada is the World's largest country that borders only one country Coastline
202,080 km
Maritime claims
Territorial sea 12 nm
Contiguous zone 24 nm Exclusive economic zone 200 nm Continental shelf 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin Climate
Varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north Terrain
Mostly plains with mountains in west and lowlands in southeast Elevation extremes
Lowest point Atlantic Ocean 0 m
Highest point Mount Logan 5,959 m Natural resources
Iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, rare earth elements, molybdenum, potash, diamonds, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydropower Land use
Arable land 4.57%
Permanent crops 0.65% Other 94.78% (2005) Irrigated land
8,550 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources
3,300 cu km (1985)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)
Total 44.72 cu km/yr (20%/69%/12%)
Per capita 1,386 cu m/yr (1996) Natural hazards
Continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow east of the mountains Volcanism The vast majority of volcanoes in Western Canada's Coast Mountains remain dormant Environment - current issues
Air pollution and resulting acid rain severely affecting lakes and damaging forests; metal smelting, coal-burning utilities, and vehicle emissions impacting on agricultural and forest productivity; ocean waters becoming contaminated due to agricultural, industrial, mining, and forestry activities Environment - international agreements
Party to
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands Signed, but not ratified Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Marine Life Conservation Geography - note
Second-largest country in world (after Russia); strategic location between Russia and US via north polar route; approximately 90% of the population is concentrated within 160 km of the US border
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Canada (Ottawa):
GPS points from Canada (Ottawa)
Rapid Saskatchewan
Keno Hill Yukon
Nagle Lake Northwest Territories
Cumberland Lake Saskatchewan
White Whale Alberta
Leismer Alberta
Greville Bay Nova Scotia
Anna Maria Nunavut |