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People And SocietyNationality
Noun Cuban(s)
Adjective Cuban Ethnic groups
White 65.1%, mulatto and mestizo 24.8%, black 10.1% (2002 census) Languages
Spanish (official)
Religions
Nominally Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant, Jehovah's Witnesses, Jewish, Santeria Note Prior to CASTRO assuming powerPopulation World Ranking: 74
11,075,244 (July 2012 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years
17.3% (male 984,607/female 931,167) 15-64 years 71.1% (male 3,947,047/female 3,932,128) 65 years and over 11.7% (male 583,757/female 708,624) (2011 est.) Median age
Total 38.9 years
Male 38 years Female 39.7 years (2012 est.) Population growth rate World Ranking: 203
-0.115% (2012 est.)
Birth rate World Ranking: 194
9.96 births/1,000 population (2012 est.) Death rate World Ranking: 114
7.52 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.) Net migration rate World Ranking: 184
-3.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.) Urbanization
Urban population 75% of total population (2010)
Rate of urbanization 0% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.) Major cities - population
HAVANA (capital) 2.14 million (2009) Sex ratio
At birth 1.06 male(s)/female
Under 15 years 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over 0.82 male(s)/female Total population 0.99 male(s)/female (2011 est.) Maternal mortality rate World Ranking: 85
73 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) Infant mortality rate World Ranking: 183
Total 4.83 deaths/1,000 live births
Male 5.19 deaths/1,000 live births Female 4.45 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.) Life expectancy at birth World Ranking: 59
Total population 77.87 years
Male 75.61 years Female 80.27 years (2012 est.) Total fertility rate World Ranking: 192
1.45 children born/woman (2012 est.) Health expenditures World Ranking: 13
11.8% of GDP (2009)
Physicians density
6.399 physicians/1,000 population (2007) Hospital bed density
5.9 beds/1,000 population (2009) Hiv/aids - adult prevalence rate World Ranking: 119
0.1% (2009 est.)
Hiv/aids - people living with hiv/aids World Ranking: 111
7,100 (2009 est.)
Hiv/aids - deaths World Ranking: 142
Fewer than 100 (2009 est.)
Major infectious diseases
Degree of risk Intermediate
Food or waterborne diseases Bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A Vectorborne diseases Dengue fever (2009)Obesity - adult prevalence rate World Ranking: 50
11.8% (2002)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight World Ranking: 95
3.9% (2000)
Education expenditures World Ranking: 2
13.6% of GDP (2008)
Literacy
Definition
Age 15 and over can read and write Total population 99.8%Male 99.8% Female 99.8% (2002 census) School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
Total 18 years
Male 16 years Female 19 years (2009) Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 World Ranking: 127
Total 3.1%
Male 2.8% Female 3.5% (2008) People - note
Illicit emigration is a continuing problem; Cubans attempt to depart the island and enter the US using homemade rafts, alien smugglers, direct flights, or falsified visas; Cubans also use non-maritime routes to enter the US including direct flights to Miami and over-land via the southwest border
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Cuba (Havana):
 
GPS points from Cuba (Havana)
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The native Amerindian population of Cuba began to decline after the European discovery of the island by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1492 and following its development as a Spanish colony during the next several centuries. Large numbers of African slaves were imported to work the coffee and sugar plantations, and Havana became the launching point for the annual treasure fleets bound for Spain from Mexico and Peru. Spanish rule eventually provoked an independence movement and occasional rebellions that were harshly suppressed. US intervention during the Spanish-American War in 1898 assisted the Cubans in overthrowing Spanish rule. The Treaty of Paris established Cuban independence from the US in 1902 after which the island experienced a string of governments mostly dominated by the military and corrupt politicians. Fidel CASTRO led a rebel army to victory in 1959; his iron rule held the subsequent regime together for nearly five decades. He stepped down as president in February 2008 in favor of his younger brother Raul CASTRO. Cuba's Communist revolution, with Soviet support, was exported throughout Latin America and Africa during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. The country faced a severe economic downturn in 1990 following the withdrawal of former Soviet subsidies worth $4 billion to $6 billion annually. Cuba at times portrays the US embargo, in place since 1961, as the source if its difficulties. Illicit migration to the US - using homemade rafts, alien smugglers, air flights, or via the southwest border - is a continuing problem. The US Coast Guard intercepted some 1,000 individuals attempting to cross the Straits of Florida in fiscal year 2011.