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Occupied by the UK in 1841, Hong Kong was formally ceded by China the following year; various adjacent lands were added later in the 19th century. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and the UK on 19 December 1984, Hong Kong became the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China on 1 July 1997. In this agreement, China promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system would not be imposed on Hong Kong and that Hong Kong would enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs for the next 50 years.


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Geography

Location
Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China

Geographic coordinates
22 15 N, 114 10 E

Map references
Southeast Asia

Area World Ranking: 184
Total 1,104 sq km
Land 1,054 sq km
Water 50 sq km

Area - comparative
Six times the size of Washington, DC

Land boundaries
Total 30 km
Regional border China 30 km

Coastline
733 km

Maritime claims
Territorial sea 3 nm

Climate
Subtropical monsoon; cool and humid in winter, hot and rainy from spring through summer, warm and sunny in fall

Terrain
Hilly to mountainous with steep slopes; lowlands in north

Elevation extremes
Lowest point South China Sea 0 m
Highest point Tai Mo Shan 958 m

Natural resources
Outstanding deepwater harbor, feldspar

Land use
Arable land 5.05%
Permanent crops 1.01%
Other 93.94% (2001)

Irrigated land
NA; note - included in the total for China (1998 est.)

Natural hazards
Occasional typhoons

Environment - current issues
Air and water pollution from rapid urbanization

Environment - international agreements
Party to
Marine Dumping (associate member), Ship Pollution (associate member)

Geography - note
Composed of more than 200 islands


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Hong Kong S. A. R. (Special Administrative Region):
Country Flag
Country Locator

GPS points from Hong Kong S. A. R. (Special Administrative Region)

square Yum Tin Pai Hong Kong (general)

square Tai Shek Ha Shan Hong Kong (general)

square Tan Tsui Hong Kong (general)

square Fung Wong Shan Hong Kong (general)

square Harley Rock Hong Kong (general)

square Tung Sam Kei Shan Hong Kong (general)

square Ma Wat Hong Kong (general)

square Sam Shing Hiu Hong Kong (general)




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