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Following World War II, the British withdrew from their mandate of Palestine, and the UN partitioned the area into Arab and Jewish states, an arrangement rejected by the Arabs. Subsequently, the Israelis defeated the Arabs in a series of wars without ending the deep tensions between the two sides. The territories Israel occupied since the 1967 war are not included in the Israel country profile, unless otherwise noted. On 25 April 1982, Israel withdrew from the Sinai pursuant to the 1979 Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty. In keeping with the framework established at the Madrid Conference in October 1991, bilateral negotiations were conducted between Israel and Palestinian representatives and Syria to achieve a permanent settlement. Israel and Palestinian officials signed on 13 September 1993 a Declaration of Principles (also known as the "Oslo Accords") guiding an interim period of Palestinian self-rule. Outstanding territorial and other disputes with Jordan were resolved in the 26 October 1994 Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace. In addition, on 25 May 2000, Israel withdrew unilaterally from southern Lebanon, which it had occupied since 1982. In April 2003, US President BUSH, working in conjunction with the EU, UN, and Russia - the "Quartet" - took the lead in laying out a roadmap to a final settlement of the conflict by 2005, based on reciprocal steps by the two parties leading to two states, Israel and a democratic Palestine. However, progress toward a permanent status agreement was undermined by Israeli-Palestinian violence between September 2003 and February 2005. In the summer of 2005, Israel unilaterally disengaged from the Gaza Strip, evacuating settlers and its military while retaining control over most points of entry into the Gaza Strip. The election of HAMAS to head the Palestinian Legislative Council froze relations between Israel and the Palestinian Authority (PA). Ehud OLMERT became prime minister in March 2006 and presided over a 34-day conflict with Hizballah in Lebanon in June-August 2006 and a 23-day conflict with HAMAS in the Gaza Strip during December 2008 and January 2009. OLMERT, who in June 2007 resumed talks with PA President Mahmoud ABBAS, resigned in September 2008. Prime Minister Binyamin NETANYAHU formed a coalition in March 2009 following a February 2009 general election. Direct talks launched in September 2010 collapsed following the expiration of Israel's 10-month partial settlement construction moratorium in the West Bank.


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People And Society

Nationality
Noun Israeli(s)
Adjective Israeli

Ethnic groups
Jewish 76.4% (of which Israel-born 67.1%, Europe/America-born 22.6%, Africa-born 5.9%, Asia-born 4.2%), non-Jewish 23.6% (mostly Arab) (2004)

Languages
Hebrew (official), Arabic (used officially for Arab minority), English (most commonly used foreign language)

Religions
Jewish 75.6%, Muslim 16.9%, Christian 2%, Druze 1.7%, other 3.8% (2008)

Population World Ranking: 97
7,590,758 (July 2012 est.)
Note
Approximately 311,100 Israeli settlers live in the West Bank (2010); approximately 18,100 Israeli settlers live in the Golan Heights (2010); approximately 186,929 Israeli settlers live in East Jerusalem (2010)

Age structure
0-14 years
27.6% (male 1,057,113/female 1,008,978)
15-64 years
62.2% (male 2,358,858/female 2,292,281)
65 years and over
10.1% (male 331,034/female 424,788) (2011 est.)

Median age
Total 29.5 years
Male 28.9 years
Female 30.3 years (2012 est.)

Population growth rate World Ranking: 77
1.541% (2012 est.)

Birth rate World Ranking: 100
18.97 births/1,000 population (2012 est.)

Death rate World Ranking: 175
5.5 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.)

Net migration rate World Ranking: 40
1.94 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.)

Urbanization
Urban population 92% of total population (2010)
Rate of urbanization
1.5% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Major cities - population
Tel Aviv-Yafo 3.219 million; Haifa 1.027 million; JERUSALEM (capital) 768,000 (2009)

Sex ratio
At birth 1.05 male(s)/female
Under 15 years 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years 1.03 male(s)/female
65 years and over 0.78 male(s)/female
Total population
1.01 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Maternal mortality rate World Ranking: 164
7 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)

Infant mortality rate World Ranking: 199
Total 4.07 deaths/1,000 live births
Male 4.25 deaths/1,000 live births
Female
3.89 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)

Life expectancy at birth World Ranking: 18
Total population 81.07 years
Male 78.88 years
Female 83.36 years (2012 est.)

Total fertility rate World Ranking: 76
2.67 children born/woman (2012 est.)

Health expenditures World Ranking: 36
9.5% of GDP (2009)

Physicians density
3.633 physicians/1,000 population (2007)

Hospital bed density
5.83 beds/1,000 population (2007)

Hiv/aids - adult prevalence rate World Ranking: 94
0.2% (2009 est.)

Hiv/aids - people living with hiv/aids World Ranking: 109
7,500 (2009 est.)

Hiv/aids - deaths World Ranking: 116
Fewer than 100 (2009 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate World Ranking: 15
22.9% (2001)

Education expenditures World Ranking: 30
5.9% of GDP (2007)

Literacy
Definition
Age 15 and over can read and write
Total population 97.1%
Male 98.5%
Female 95.9% (2004 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
Total 15 years
Male 15 years
Female 16 years (2008)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 World Ranking: 78
Total 14.7%
Male 15.7%
Female 13.9% (2009)


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Israel (Jerusalem):
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square Nahal Rahaf Southern District

square Ma`bar `arod Southern District

square Zemah Northern District

square Iron Hills Central District

square Salbit Central District

square Omets Central District

square Hadeyra Haifa District

square `enat Central District




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