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Settlement of freed slaves from the US in what is today Liberia began in 1822; by 1847, the Americo-Liberians were able to establish a republic. William TUBMAN, president from 1944-71, did much to promote foreign investment and to bridge the economic, social, and political gaps between the descendents of the original settlers and the inhabitants of the interior. In 1980, a military coup led by Samuel DOE ushered in a decade of authoritarian rule. In December 1989, Charles TAYLOR launched a rebellion against DOE's regime that led to a prolonged civil war in which DOE himself was killed. A period of relative peace in 1997 allowed for elections that brought TAYLOR to power, but major fighting resumed in 2000. An August 2003 peace agreement ended the war and prompted the resignation of former president Charles TAYLOR, who faces war crimes charges in The Hague related to his involvement in Sierra Leone's civil war. After two years of rule by a transitional government, democratic elections in late 2005 brought President Ellen JOHNSON SIRLEAF to power. The UN Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) maintains a strong presence throughout the country, but the security situation is still fragile and the process of rebuilding the social and economic structure of this war-torn country continues.


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Geography

Location
Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Cote d'Ivoire and Sierra Leone

Geographic coordinates
6 30 N, 9 30 W

Map references
Africa

Area World Ranking: 104
Total 111,369 sq km
Land 96,320 sq km
Water 15,049 sq km

Area - comparative
Slightly larger than Tennessee

Land boundaries
Total 1,585 km
Border countries
Guinea 563 km, Cote d'Ivoire 716 km, Sierra Leone 306 km

Coastline
579 km

Maritime claims
Territorial sea 200 nm

Climate
Tropical; hot, humid; dry winters with hot days and cool to cold nights; wet, cloudy summers with frequent heavy showers

Terrain
Mostly flat to rolling coastal plains rising to rolling plateau and low mountains in northeast

Elevation extremes
Lowest point Atlantic Ocean 0 m
Highest point Mount Wuteve 1,380 m

Natural resources
Iron ore, timber, diamonds, gold, hydropower

Land use
Arable land 3.43%
Permanent crops 1.98%
Other 94.59% (2005)

Irrigated land
30 sq km (2003)

Total renewable water resources
232 cu km (1987)

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)
Total 0.11 cu km/yr (27%/18%/55%)
Per capita 34 cu m/yr (2000)

Natural hazards
Dust-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to March)

Environment - current issues
Tropical rain forest deforestation; soil erosion; loss of biodiversity; pollution of coastal waters from oil residue and raw sewage

Environment - international agreements
Party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
Signed, but not ratified
Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation

Geography - note
Facing the Atlantic Ocean, the coastline is characterized by lagoons, mangrove swamps, and river-deposited sandbars; the inland grassy plateau supports limited agriculture


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Liberia (Monrovia):
Country Flag
Country Locator

GPS points from Liberia (Monrovia)

square Noadi Bomi County

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square Jesse Town Montserrado County




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