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Formerly an independent kingdom, Madagascar became a French colony in 1896 but regained independence in 1960. During 1992-93, free presidential and National Assembly elections were held ending 17 years of single-party rule. In 1997, in the second presidential race, Didier RATSIRAKA, the leader during the 1970s and 1980s, was returned to the presidency. The 2001 presidential election was contested between the followers of Didier RATSIRAKA and Marc RAVALOMANANA, nearly causing secession of half of the country. In April 2002, the High Constitutional Court announced RAVALOMANANA the winner. RAVALOMANANA achieved a second term following a landslide victory in the generally free and fair presidential elections of 2006. In early 2009, protests over increasing restrictions on opposition press and activities resulted in RAVALOMANANA stepping down and the presidency was conferred to the mayor of Antananarivo, Andry RAJOELINA. Numerous attempts have been made by regional and international organizations to resolve the subsequent political gridlock by forming a power-sharing government. In late 2011, RAJOELINA appointed a new cabinet, and the country appeared to be moving towards new elections sometime in 2012.


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Transportation

Airports World Ranking: 69
82 (2012)

Airports - with paved runways
Total 26
Over 3,047 m 1
2,438 to 3,047 m 2
1,524 to 2,437 m 6
914 to 1,523 m 16
Under 914 m 1 (2012)

Airports - with unpaved runways
Total 56
1,524 to 2,437 m 2
914 to 1,523 m 36
Under 914 m 18 (2012)

Railways World Ranking: 97
Total 854 km
Narrow gauge 854 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Roadways World Ranking: 69
Total 65,663 km
Paved 7,617 km
Unpaved 58,046 km (2003)

Waterways World Ranking: 79
600 km (432 km navigable) (2011)

Merchant marine World Ranking: 152
Total 1
By type Cargo 1
Registered in other countries 1 (unknown 1) (2010)

Ports and terminals
Antsiranana (Diego Suarez), Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara (Tulear)


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Madagascar (Antananarivo):
Country Flag
Country Locator

GPS points from Madagascar (Antananarivo)


square Niarovana Toamasina

square Antsakoanimanta Fianarantsoa

square Kamolandy Riviere Mahajanga

square Morateno Toliara

square Befotaka Toliara

square Anoboka Riviere Mahajanga

square Evovo Avaratra Toliara




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