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Ruled by the Al Thani family since the mid-1800s, Qatar transformed itself from a poor British protectorate noted mainly for pearling into an independent state with significant oil and natural gas revenues. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Qatari economy was crippled by a continuous siphoning off of petroleum revenues by the Amir, who had ruled the country since 1972. His son, the current Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani, overthrew him in a bloodless coup in 1995. In 2001, Qatar resolved its longstanding border disputes with both Bahrain and Saudi Arabia. As of 2007, oil and natural gas revenues had enabled Qatar to attain the highest per capita income in the world. Qatar has not experienced the level of unrest or violence seen in other Near Eastern and North African countries in 2010-11, due in part to its immense wealth. Qatar's international image is bolstered in part by the Doha-based Al Jazirah news network, which has provided comprehensive coverage of the Near East and North African Arab revolutions. Additionally, Qatar played a significant role in the Libyan revolution by pressing the Gulf Cooperation Council and the Arab League to assist the Libyan rebel movement.



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Geography

Location
Middle East, peninsula bordering the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia

Geographic coordinates
25 30 N, 51 15 E

Map references
Middle East

Area World Ranking: 166
Total 11,586 sq km
Land 11,586 sq km
Water 0 sq km

Area - comparative
Slightly smaller than Connecticut

Land boundaries
Total 60 km
Border countries Saudi Arabia 60 km

Coastline
563 km

Maritime claims
Territorial sea 12 nm
Contiguous zone 24 nm
Exclusive economic zone
As determined by bilateral agreements or the median line

Climate
Arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers

Terrain
Mostly flat and barren desert covered with loose sand and gravel

Elevation extremes
Lowest point Persian Gulf 0 m
Highest point Tuwayyir al Hamir 103 m

Natural resources
Petroleum, natural gas, fish

Land use
Arable land 1.64%
Permanent crops 0.27%
Other 98.09% (2005)

Irrigated land
130 sq km (2002)

Total renewable water resources
0.1 cu km (1997)

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)
Total 0.29 cu km/yr (24%/3%/72%)
Per capita 358 cu m/yr (2000)

Natural hazards
Haze, dust storms, sandstorms common

Environment - current issues
Limited natural freshwater resources are increasing dependence on large-scale desalination facilities

Environment - international agreements
Party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
Signed, but not ratified
None of the selected agreements

Geography - note
Strategic location in central Persian Gulf near major petroleum deposits


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Qatar (Doha):
Country Flag
Country Locator

GPS points from Qatar (Doha)

square As Sulaymi Qasim Bin Hamad Baladiyat Al Khawr Wa Adh Dhakhirah

square As Sulaymi Fahd Bin `abd Allah Baladiyat Al Khawr Wa Adh Dhakhirah

square Madinat Al Ka`ban Baladiyat Al Khawr Wa Adh Dhakhirah

square An Nu`ayiah Baladiyat Ad Dawhah

square Wakra (qa05)

square Al Mudakhkhan Baladiyat Ar Rayyan

square Jazirat Bishairiya Baladiyat Al Wakrah

square Katat Ekhchejera Qatar (general)




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