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In 1959, three years before independence from Belgium, the majority ethnic group, the Hutus, overthrew the ruling Tutsi king. Over the next several years, thousands of Tutsis were killed, and some 150,000 driven into exile in neighboring countries. The children of these exiles later formed a rebel group, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), and began a civil war in 1990. The war, along with several political and economic upheavals, exacerbated ethnic tensions, culminating in April 1994 in a state-orchestrated genocide, in which Rwandans killed up to a million of their fellow citizens, including approximately three-quarters of the Tutsi population. The genocide ended later that same year when the predominantly Tutsi RPF, operating out of Uganda and northern Rwanda, defeated the national army and Hutu militias, and established an RPF-led government of national unity. Approximately 2 million Hutu refugees - many fearing Tutsi retribution - fled to neighboring Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zaire. Since then, most of the refugees have returned to Rwanda, but several thousand remained in the neighboring Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC, the former Zaire) and formed an extremist insurgency bent on retaking Rwanda, much as the RPF tried in 1990. Rwanda held its first local elections in 1999 and its first post-genocide presidential and legislative elections in 2003. Rwanda in 2009 staged a joint military operation with the Congolese Army in DRC to rout out the Hutu extremist insurgency there and Kigali and Kinshasa restored diplomatic relations. Rwanda also joined the Commonwealth in late 2009.


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Transportation

Airports World Ranking: 167
7 (2012)

Airports - with paved runways
Total 4
Over 3,047 m 1
914 to 1,523 m 2
Under 914 m 1 (2012)

Airports - with unpaved runways
Total 3
914 to 1,523 m 2
Under 914 m 1 (2012)

Roadways World Ranking: 126
Total 14,008 km
Paved 2,662 km
Unpaved 11,346 km (2004)

Waterways
(Lac Kivu navigable by shallow-draft barges and native craft) (2011)

Ports and terminals
Cyangugu, Gisenyi, Kibuye


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Rwanda (Kigali):
Country Flag
Country Locator

GPS points from Rwanda (Kigali)

square Rwamaraba Gitarama

square Buhokoro Cyangugu


square Busetsa Byumba

square Kamembe Cyangugu

square Goma Kibuye

square Kayanza Byumba

square Nyaruteja Butare




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