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GeographyLocation
Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen Geographic coordinates
25 00 N, 45 00 E
Map references
Middle East
Area World Ranking: 13
Total 2,149,690 sq km
Land 2,149,690 sq km Water 0 sq km Area - comparative
Slightly more than one-fifth the size of the US Land boundaries
Total 4,431 km
Border countries Iraq 814 km, Jordan 744 km, Kuwait 222 km, Oman 676 km, Qatar 60 km, UAE 457 km, Yemen 1,458 km Coastline
2,640 km
Maritime claims
Territorial sea 12 nm
Contiguous zone 18 nm Continental shelf Not specified Climate
Harsh, dry desert with great temperature extremes Terrain
Mostly uninhabited, sandy desert Elevation extremes
Lowest point Persian Gulf 0 m
Highest point Jabal Sawda' 3,133 m Natural resources
Petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, copper Land use
Arable land 1.67%
Permanent crops 0.09% Other 98.24% (2005) Irrigated land
17,310 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources
2.4 cu km (1997)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)
Total 17.32 cu km/yr (10%/1%/89%)
Per capita 705 cu m/yr (2000) Natural hazards
Frequent sand and dust storms
Volcanism Despite many volcanic formations, there has been little activity in the past few centuries; volcanoes include Harrat Rahat, Harrat Khaybar, Harrat Lunayyir, and Jabal Yar Environment - current issues
Desertification; depletion of underground water resources; the lack of perennial rivers or permanent water bodies has prompted the development of extensive seawater desalination facilities; coastal pollution from oil spills Environment - international agreements
Party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution Signed, but not ratified None of the selected agreements Geography - note
Extensive coastlines on Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through Persian Gulf and Suez Canal
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GPS points from Saudi Arabia (Riyadh)
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