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Slovakia's roots can be traced to the 9th century state of Great Moravia. Subsequently, the Slovaks became part of the Hungarian Kingdom, where they remained for the next 1,000 years. Following the formation of the dual Austro-Hungarian monarchy in 1867, language and education policies favoring the use of Hungarian (Magyarization) resulted in a strengthening of Slovak nationalism and a cultivation of cultural ties with the closely related Czechs, who were themselves ruled by the Austrians. After the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the close of World War I, the Slovaks joined the Czechs to form Czechoslovakia. Following the chaos of World War II, Czechoslovakia became a Communist nation within Soviet-dominated Eastern Europe. Soviet influence collapsed in 1989 and Czechoslovakia once more became free. The Slovaks and the Czechs agreed to separate peacefully on 1 January 1993. Slovakia joined both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004 and the euro area on 1 January 2009.


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Government

Country name
Conventional long form Slovak Republic
Conventional short form Slovakia
Local long form Slovenska Republika
Local short form Slovensko

Government type
Parliamentary democracy

Capital
Name Bratislava
Geographic coordinates 48 09 N, 17 07 E
Time difference
UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Daylight saving time
+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Administrative divisions
8 regions (kraje, singular - kraj); Banskobystricky, Bratislavsky, Kosicky, Nitriansky, Presovsky, Trenciansky, Trnavsky, Zilinsky

Independence
1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia)

Constitution
Ratified 1 September 1992, effective 1 January 1993; changed September 1998; amended February 2001
Note
The change in September 1998 allowed direct election of the president; the amendment of February 2001 allowed Slovakia to apply for NATO and EU membership

Legal system
Civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes; note - legal code modified to comply with the obligations of Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe and to expunge Marxist-Leninist legal system

International law organization participation
Accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Suffrage
18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state
President Ivan GASPAROVIC (since 15 June 2004)
Head of government
Prime Minister Robert FICO (since 4 April 2012); Deputy Prime Ministers Robert KALINAK, Peter KAZIMIR, Miroslav LAJCAK (since 4 April 2012)
Cabinet
Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
Elections
President elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 21 March and 4 April 2009 (next to be held no later than April 2014); following National Council elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president
Election results
Ivan GASPAROVIC reelected president in runoff; percent of vote - Ivan GASPAROVIC 55.5%, Iveta RADICOVA 44.5%

Legislative branch
Unicameral National Council of the Slovak Republic or Narodna Rada Slovenskej Republiky (150 seats; members elected on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms)
Elections
Last held on 10 March 2012 (next to be held in 2016)
Election results
Percent of vote by party - Smer-SD 44.4%, KDH 8.8%, OLaNO 8.6%, Most-Hid 6.9%, SDKU-DS 6.1%, SaS 5.9%, other 19.3%; seats by party - Smer-SD 83, KDH 16, OLaNO 16, Most-Hid 13, SDKU-DS 11, SaS 11

Judicial branch
Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Council); Constitutional Court (judges appointed by president from group of nominees approved by the National Council)

Political parties and leaders
Parties in the Parliament
Bridge or Most-Hid [Bela BUGAR]; Christian Democratic Movement or KDH [Jan FIGEL]; Direction-Social Democracy or Smer-SD [Robert FICO]; Freedom and Solidarity or SaS [Richard SULIK]; Ordinary People and Independent Personalities or OLaNO [Igor MATOVIC]; Slovak Democratic and Christian Union-Democratic Party or SDKU-DS [Mikulas DZURINDA]
Selected parties outside the Parliament
Civic Conservative Party or OKS [Peter ZAJAC]; Nation and Justice - Our Party or NAS [Anna BELOUSOVOVA]; Party of the Democratic Left or SDL [Marek BLAHA]; Party of the Hungarian Coalition or SMK [Jozsef BERENYI]; People's Party - Movement for a Democratic Slovakia or LS-HZDS [Vladimir MECIAR]; People's Party - Our Slovakia or LSNS [Marian KOTLEBA]; Slovak National Party or SNS [Jan SLOTA]

Political pressure groups and leaders
Association of Towns and Villages or ZMOS; Confederation of Trade Unions or KOZ; Entrepreneurs Association of Slovakia or ZPS; Federation of Employers' Associations of the Slovak Republic; Medical Trade Association or LOZ; National Union of Employers or RUZ; Slovak Chamber of Commerce and Industry or SOPK; The Business Alliance of Slovakia or PAS

International organization participation
Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Diplomatic representation in the us
Chief of mission Ambassador Peter BURIAN
Chancery
3523 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008
Telephone [1] (202) 237-1054
FAX [1] (202) 237-6438
Consulate(s) general Los Angeles, New York

Diplomatic representation from the us
Chief of mission Ambassador Theodore SEDGWICK
Embassy
Hviezdoslavovo Namestie 4, 81102 Bratislava
Mailing address
P.O. Box 309, 814 99 Bratislava
Telephone [421] (2) 5443-3338
FAX [421] (2) 5441-8861

Flag description
Three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red derive from the Pan-Slav colors; the Slovakian coat of arms (consisting of a red shield bordered in white and bearing a white Cross of Lorraine surmounting three blue hills) is centered over the bands but offset slightly to the hoist side
Note
The Pan-Slav colors were inspired by the 19th-century flag of Russia

National symbol(s)
Double-barred cross (Cross of Lorraine) surmounting three peaks

National anthem
Name
"Nad Tatrou sa blyska" (Storm Over the Tatras)
Lyrics/music Janko MATUSKA/traditional
Note
Adopted 1993, in use since 1844; the anthem's music is based on the Slovak folk song "Kopala studienku"


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Slovakia (Bratislava):
Country Flag
Country Locator

GPS points from Slovakia (Bratislava)

square Grinava Bratislavsky Kraj

square Bucsuhaza Trnavsky Kraj

square Mala Trna Kosicky Kraj

square Bystra Slovakia (general)

square Predpoloma Trenciansky Kraj

square Myslivna Haluska Bratislavsky Kraj

square Remetske Hamry Kosicky Kraj

square Liptovska Kokava Zilinsky Kraj




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