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EconomyEconomy - overview
Tajikistan has one of the lowest per capita GDPs among the 15 former Soviet republics. Because of a lack of employment opportunities in Tajikistan, as many as a million Tajik citizens work abroad, almost all of them in Russia, supporting families in Tajikistan through remittances. Less than 7% of the land area is arable. Cotton is the most important crop, and its production is closely monitored, and in many cases controlled, by the government. In the wake of the National Bank of Tajikistan's admission in December 2007 that it had improperly lent money to investors in the cotton sector, the IMF canceled its program in Tajikistan. A reform agenda is underway, according to which over half a billion dollars in farmer debt is being forgiven, and IMF assistance has been reinstated. Mineral resources include silver, gold, uranium, and tungsten. Industry consists only of a large aluminum plant, hydropower facilities, and small obsolete factories mostly in light industry and food processing. The civil war (1992-97) severely damaged the already weak economic infrastructure and caused a sharp decline in industrial and agricultural production. Tajikistan's economic situation remains fragile due to uneven implementation of structural reforms, corruption, weak governance, seasonal power shortages, and the external debt burden. Electricity output expanded with the completion of the Sangtuda-1 hydropower dam - finished in 2009 with Russian investment. The smaller Sangtuda-2, built with Iranian investment, began operating in 2011. The government of Tajikistan is pinning major hopes on the massive Roghun dam which, if finished according to Tajik plans, will be the tallest dam in the world and significantly expand electricity output. The World Bank has agreed to fund technical, economic, social, and environmental feasibility studies for the dam, scheduled to be completed in 2012. In January 2010, the government began selling shares in the Roghun enterprise to its population, ultimately raising over $180 million but Tajikistan will still need significant investment to complete the dam. According to numerous reports, many Tajik individuals and businesses were forced to buy shares. The coerced share sales finally ended in mid-2010 under intense criticism from donors, particularly the IMF. Food and fuel prices in 2011 increased to the highest levels seen since 2002 due in part to an increase in rail transport tariffs through Uzbekistan. Tajikistan imports approximately 60% of its food and 90% of that comes by rail. Gdp (purchasing power parity) World Ranking: 137
$16.43 billion (2011 est.)
$15.3 billion (2010 est.) $14.36 billion (2009 est.) Note Data are in 2011 US dollars Gdp (official exchange rate)
$6.523 billion (2011 est.)
Gdp - real growth rate World Ranking: 24
7.4% (2011 est.)
6.5% (2010 est.) 3.9% (2009 est.) Gdp - per capita (ppp) World Ranking: 189
$2,100 (2011 est.)
$2,000 (2010 est.) $1,900 (2009 est.) Note Data are in 2011 US dollars Gdp - composition by sector
Agriculture 21.4%
Industry 21.7% Services 56.8% (2011 est.) Labor force World Ranking: 120
2.1 million (2009)
Labor force - by occupation
Agriculture 49.8%
Industry 12.8% Services 37.4% (2009 est.) Unemployment rate World Ranking: 17
2.2% (2009 est.)
2.3% (2008 est.) Note Official rates; actual unemployment is much higher Population below poverty line
46.7% (2009 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share
Lowest 10% 3.5%
Highest 10% 24.3% (2009 est.) Distribution of family income - gini index World Ranking: 102
32.6 (2006)
34.7 (1998) Investment (gross fixed) World Ranking: 117
18.1% of GDP (2011 est.)
Budget
Revenues $1.844 billion
Expenditures $1.8 billion (2011 est.) Taxes and other revenues World Ranking: 103
28.3% of GDP (2011 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) World Ranking: 37
0.7% of GDP (2011 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) World Ranking: 201
12.5% (2011 est.)
6.4% (2010 est.) Central bank discount rate World Ranking: 37
5% (31 December 2010 est.)
8% (31 December 2009 est.) Commercial bank prime lending rate World Ranking: 15
24.84% (31 December 2011 est.)
21.73% (31 December 2010 est.) Stock of narrow money World Ranking: 141
$1.352 billion (31 December 2011 est.) $878.5 million (31 December 2010 est.) Stock of broad money World Ranking: 150
$1.979 billion (31 December 2011 est.) $1.248 billion (31 December 2010 est.) Stock of domestic credit World Ranking: 145
$1.513 billion (31 December 2011 est.) $953.9 million (31 December 2010 est.) Market value of publicly traded shares
$NA
Agriculture - products
Cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats Industries
Aluminum, cement, vegetable oil Industrial production growth rate World Ranking: 36
7.5% (2010 est.)
Electricity - production World Ranking: 77
16.1 billion kWh (2009 est.)
Electricity - consumption World Ranking: 74
16.7 billion kWh (2009)
Electricity - exports
4.421 billion kWh (2008 est.)
Electricity - imports
338.5 million kWh (2010 est.)
Oil - production World Ranking: 114
219.9 bbl/day (2010 est.)
Oil - consumption World Ranking: 105
40,000 bbl/day (2010 est.)
Oil - exports World Ranking: 124
405.4 bbl/day (2009 est.)
Oil - imports World Ranking: 92
39,400 bbl/day (2009 est.)
Oil - proved reserves World Ranking: 89
12 million bbl (1 January 2011 est.) Natural gas - production World Ranking: 85
38 million cu m (2009 est.)
Natural gas - consumption World Ranking: 100
227 million cu m (2009 est.)
Natural gas - exports World Ranking: 191
0 cu m (2009 est.)
Natural gas - imports World Ranking: 69
189 million cu m (2009 est.)
Natural gas - proved reserves World Ranking: 91
5.663 billion cu m (1 January 2011 est.) Current account balance World Ranking: 77
-$136.1 million (2011 est.)
-$382.8 million (2010 est.) Exports World Ranking: 152
$1.241 billion (2011 est.)
$1.303 billion (2010 est.) Exports - commodities
Aluminum, electricity, cotton, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles Exports - partners
Turkey 30.2%, Russia 8.3%, Iran 7%, China 6.7%, South Korea 6.7%, Afghanistan 6%, Italy 5.2% (2011) Imports World Ranking: 145
$3.184 billion (2011 est.)
$2.936 billion (2010 est.) Imports - commodities
Petroleum products, aluminum oxide, machinery and equipment, foodstuffs Imports - partners
China 45.7%, Russia 16.4%, Kazakhstan 6.8%, US 4.1% (2011) Reserves of foreign exchange and gold World Ranking: 136
$815.2 million (31 December 2011 est.) $598.2 million (31 December 2010 est.) Debt - external World Ranking: 137
$2.593 billion (31 December 2011 est.) $2.485 billion (31 December 2010 est.) Stock of direct foreign investment - at home World Ranking: 38
$100.3 billion (31 December 2009 est.) $93.05 billion (31 December 2008 est.) Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad World Ranking: 45
$18.5 billion (31 December 2010 est.) $16.3 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Exchange rates
Tajikistani somoni (TJS) per US dollar - 4.6102 (2011 est.)4.379 (2010 est.) 4.1428 (2009) 3.4563 (2008) 3.4418 (2007) Fiscal year
Calendar year
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Tajikistan (Dushanbe):
GPS points from Tajikistan (Dushanbe)
Gora Khodzha-akbash Viloyati Khatlon
Lyuch'-ob Viloyati Khatlon
Ovrag Marguzar Tajikistan (general)
Muzhyun Viloyati Sughd
Pereval Andamin Tajikistan (general)
Dzhilikul'skiy Rayon Tajikistan (general)
Dulona Viloyati Sughd
Pereval Ustanak Tajikistan (general) |