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The Tajik people came under Russian rule in the 1860s and 1870s, but Russia's hold on Central Asia weakened following the Revolution of 1917. Bolshevik control of the area was fiercely contested and not fully reestablished until 1925. Much of present-day Sughd province was transferred from the Uzbek SSR to the newly formed Tajik SSR in 1929. Ethnic Uzbeks form a substantial minority in Tajikistan. Tajikistan became independent in 1991 following the breakup of the Soviet Union, and experienced a civil war between regional factions from 1992-97. Tajikistan experienced several security incidents in 2010, including a mass prison-break from a Dushanbe detention facility, the country's first suicide car bombing in Khujand, and armed conflict between government forces and opposition militants in the Rasht Valley. The country remains the poorest in the former Soviet sphere. Attention by the international community since the beginning of the NATO intervention in Afghanistan has brought increased economic development and security assistance, which could create jobs and strengthen stability in the long term. Tajikistan is seeking WTO membership and joined NATO's Partnership for Peace in 2002.


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Government

Country name
Conventional long form Republic of Tajikistan
Conventional short form Tajikistan
Local long form Jumhurii Tojikiston
Local short form Tojikiston
Former
Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic

Government type
Republic

Capital
Name Dushanbe
Geographic coordinates 38 33 N, 68 46 E
Time difference
UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Administrative divisions
2 provinces (viloyatho, singular - viloyat), 1 autonomous province* (viloyati mukhtor), 1 capital region** (viloyati poytakht), and 1 area referred to as Districts Under Republic Administration***; Dushanbe**, Khatlon (Qurghonteppa), Kuhistoni Badakhshon [Gorno-Badakhshan]* (Khorugh), Nohiyahoi Tobei Jumhuri***, Sughd (Khujand)
Note
The administrative center name follows in parentheses

Independence
9 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

National holiday
Independence Day (or National Day), 9 September (1991)

Constitution
6 November 1994

Legal system
Civil law system

International law organization participation
Has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Suffrage
18 years of age; universal

Executive branch
Chief of state
President Emomali RAHMON (since 6 November 1994; head of state and Supreme Assembly chairman since 19 November 1992)
Head of government
Prime Minister Oqil OQILOV (since 20 January 1999); First Deputy Prime Minister Matlubkhon DAVLATOV (since 5 January 2012)
Cabinet
Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Supreme Assembly
Elections
President elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for multiple terms); election last held on 6 November 2006 (next to be held in November 2013); prime minister appointed by the president
Election results
Emomali RAHMON reelected president; percent of vote - Emomali RAHMON 79.3%, Olimjon BOBOEV 6.2%, other 14.5%

Legislative branch
Bicameral Supreme Assembly or Majlisi Oli consists of the National Assembly (upper chamber) or Majlisi Milli (34 seats; 25 members selected by local deputies, 8 appointed by the president; 1 seat reserved for the former president; members serve five-year terms) and the Assembly of Representatives (lower chamber) or Majlisi Namoyandagon (63 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
Elections
National Assembly - last held on 28 February 2010 (next to be held in February 2015); Assembly of Representatives - last held on 28 February 2010 (next to be held in February 2015)
Election results
National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; Assembly of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDPT 71%, Islamic Revival Party 8.2%, CPT 7%, APT 5.1%, PER 5.1%, other 3.6%; seats by party - PDPT 55, Islamic Revival Party 2, CPT 2, APT 2, PER 2

Judicial branch
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); Constitutional Court, Supreme Economic Court

Political parties and leaders
Agrarian Party of Tajikistan or APT [Amir QARAQULOV]; Democratic Party or DPT [Mahmadruzi ISKANDAROV (imprisoned October 2005); Rahmatullo VALIYEV, deputy]; Islamic Revival Party [Muhiddin KABIRI]; Party of Economic Reform or PER [Olimjon BOBOEV]; People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan or PDPT [Emomali RAHMON]; Social Democratic Party or SDPT [Rahmatullo ZOYIROV]; Socialist Party or SPT [Mirhuseyn NARZIEV]; Tajik Communist Party or CPT [Shodi SHABDOLOV]
Note
For the DPT, the Ministry of Justice named a new chairman, Masud SOBIROV, in 2006; Mr. ISKANDAROV's supporters do not recognize Mr. SOBIROV; for the SPT, the Ministry of Justice named a new chairman, Abduhalim GHAFAROV, in 2004; Mr. NARZIEV's supporters do not recognize Mr. GHAFAROV

Political pressure groups and leaders
Splinter parties recognized by the government but not by the base of the party
Democratic Party or DPT [Masud SOBIROV] (splintered from ISKANDAROV's DPT); Socialist Party or SPT [Abduhalim GHAFFOROV] (splintered from NARZIEV's SPT)
Unregistered political parties
Progressive Party [Sulton QUVVATOV]; Unity Party [Hikmatullo SAIDOV]

International organization participation
ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, G-77, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)

Diplomatic representation in the us
Chief of mission Ambassador Nuriddin SHAMSOV
Chancery
1005 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037
Telephone [1] (202) 223-6090
FAX [1] (202) 223-6091

Diplomatic representation from the us
Chief of mission Ambassador Kenneth GROSS
Embassy
109-A Ismoili Somoni Avenue, Dushanbe 734019
Mailing address
7090 Dushanbe Place, Dulles, VA 20189
Telephone [992] (37) 229-20-00
FAX [992] (37) 229-20-50

Flag description
Three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a gold crown surmounted by seven gold, five-pointed stars is located in the center of the white stripe; red represents the sun, victory, and the unity of the nation, white stands for purity, cotton, and mountain snows, while green is the color of Islam and the bounty of nature; the crown symbolizes the Tajik people; the seven stars signify the Tajik magic number "seven" - a symbol of perfection and the embodiment of happiness

National symbol(s)
Crown surmounted by seven, five-pointed stars

National anthem
Name
"Surudi milli" (National Anthem)
Lyrics/music
Gulnazar KELDI/Suleiman YUDAKOV
Note
Adopted 1991; after the fall of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan kept the music of the anthem from its time as a Soviet republic but adopted new lyrics


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Tajikistan (Dushanbe):
Country Flag
Country Locator

GPS points from Tajikistan (Dushanbe)

square Bardara Gorno-badakhshan

square Karsang Viloyati Khatlon

square Ozero Ak-balyk Tajikistan (general)

square Zeravshanskiy Khrebet Tajikistan (general)

square Kara-jilga Tajikistan (general)

square Puli-dangal' Gorno-badakhshan

square Sotsializm Viloyati Khatlon

square Bugor Giyena Viloyati Khatlon




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