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GeographyLocation
Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan Geographic coordinates
40 00 N, 60 00 E
Map references
Asia
Area World Ranking: 53
Total 488,100 sq km
Land 469,930 sq km Water 18,170 sq km Area - comparative
Slightly larger than California Land boundaries
Total 3,736 km
Border countries Afghanistan 744 km, Iran 992 km, Kazakhstan 379 km, Uzbekistan 1,621 km Coastline
0 km; note - Turkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea (1,768 km) Maritime claims
None (landlocked)
Climate
Subtropical desert
Terrain
Flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran; borders Caspian Sea in west Elevation extremes
Lowest point Vpadina Akchanaya -81 m
Note Sarygamysh Koli is a lake in northern Turkmenistan with a water level that fluctuates above and below the elevation of Vpadina Akchanaya (the lake has dropped as low as -110 m) Highest point Gora Ayribaba 3,139 mNatural resources
Petroleum, natural gas, sulfur, salt Land use
Arable land 4.51%
Permanent crops 0.14% Other 95.35% (2005) Irrigated land
18,000 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources
60.9 cu km (1997)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)
Total 24.65 cu km/yr (2%/1%/98%)
Per capita 5,104 cu m/yr (2000) Natural hazards
NA
Environment - current issues
Contamination of soil and groundwater with agricultural chemicals, pesticides; salination, water logging of soil due to poor irrigation methods; Caspian Sea pollution; diversion of a large share of the flow of the Amu Darya into irrigation contributes to that river's inability to replenish the Aral Sea; desertification Environment - international agreements
Party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection Signed, but not ratified None of the selected agreements Geography - note
Landlocked; the western and central low-lying desolate portions of the country make up the great Garagum (Kara-Kum) desert, which occupies over 80% of the country; eastern part is plateau
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Turkmenistan (Ashgabat):
GPS points from Turkmenistan (Ashgabat)
Mys Kainli Turkmenistan (general)
Kolodets Kapandzhi Turkmenistan (general)
Polekhatum Ahal
Dargan-ata Lebap Welayaty
Makhmal Ahal Welayaty
Kolodets Yamakchi Turkmenistan (general)
Kolodets Beuri-deshik Turkmenistan (general)
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