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Founded in the 12th century, the Principality of Muscovy, was able to emerge from over 200 years of Mongol domination (13th-15th centuries) and to gradually conquer and absorb surrounding principalities. In the early 17th century, a new Romanov Dynasty continued this policy of expansion across Siberia to the Pacific. Under PETER I (ruled 1682-1725), hegemony was extended to the Baltic Sea and the country was renamed the Russian Empire. During the 19th century, more territorial acquisitions were made in Europe and Asia. Defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 contributed to the Revolution of 1905, which resulted in the formation of a parliament and other reforms. Repeated devastating defeats of the Russian army in World War I led to widespread rioting in the major cities of the Russian Empire and to the overthrow in 1917 of the imperial household. The Communists under Vladimir LENIN seized power soon after and formed the USSR. The brutal rule of Iosif STALIN (1928-53) strengthened Communist rule and Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens of millions of lives. The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the following decades until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernize Communism, but his initiatives inadvertently released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into Russia and 14 other independent republics. Since then, Russia has shifted its post-Soviet democratic ambitions in favor of a centralized semi-authoritarian state in which the leadership seeks to legitimize its rule through managed national elections, populist appeals by former President PUTIN, and continued economic growth. Russia has severely disabled a Chechen rebel movement, although violence still occurs throughout the North Caucasus. |
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Administrative divisions (321,884 GPS Maps)
Adygeya
(804)
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Aginskiy Buryatskiy...
(240)
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Altay
(1,086)
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Altayskiy Kray
(3,591)
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Amurskaya Oblast
(2,906)
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Arkhangel skaya Oblast
(8,215)
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Astrakhanskaya Oblast
(1,481)
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Bashkortostan
(7,596)
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Belgorodskaya Oblast
(2,686)
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Bryanskaya Oblast
(4,576)
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Buryatiya
(3,198)
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Chechnya and Ingushetiya
(2,141)
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Chelyabinskaya Oblast
(4,279)
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Chitinskaya Oblast
(3,481)
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Chukotskiy Avtonomnyy...
(3,045)
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Chuvashiya
(2,399)
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Dagestan
(5,945)
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Evenkiyskiy Avtonomnyy...
(591)
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Irkutskaya Oblast
(4,478)
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Ivanovskaya Oblast
(1,967)
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Kabardino-Balkariya
(1,076)
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Kaliningradskaya Oblast
(4,103)
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Kalmykiya
(1,502)
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Kaluzhskaya Oblast
(4,604)
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Kamchatskaya Oblast
(3,332)
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Karachayevo-Cherkesiya
(1,012)
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Kareliya
(9,046)
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Kemerovskaya Oblast
(2,264)
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Khabarovskiy Kray
(6,376)
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Khakasiya
(975)
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Khanty-Mansiyskiy...
(2,253)
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Kirovskaya Oblast
(4,848)
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Komi
(3,028)
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Komi-Permyatskiy...
(1,240)
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Koryakskiy Avtonomnyy...
(2,082)
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Kostromskaya Oblast
(2,798)
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Krasnodarskiy Kray
(7,568)
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Krasnoyarskiy Kray
(5,794)
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Kurganskaya Oblast
(4,699)
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Kurskaya Oblast
(3,800)
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Leningradskaya Oblast
(8,438)
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Lipetskaya Oblast
(2,740)
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Magadanskaya Oblast
(3,043)
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Mariy-El
(1,033)
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Mordoviya
(1,220)
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Moskovskaya Oblast
(7,466)
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Moskva
(314)
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Murmanskaya Oblast
(4,949)
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Nenetskiy Avtonomnyy...
(2,398)
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Nizhegorodskaya Oblast
(3,250)
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Novgorodskaya Oblast
(6,677)
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Novosibirskaya Oblast
(5,209)
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Omskaya Oblast
(3,495)
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Orenburgskaya Oblast
(4,274)
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Orlovskaya Oblast
(4,812)
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Penzenskaya Oblast
(2,108)
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Permskaya Oblast
(5,146)
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Primorskiy Kray
(3,673)
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Pskovskaya Oblast
(3,980)
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Rostovskaya Oblast
(6,359)
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RSJA
(1,764)
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Russia (general)
(4,199)
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Ryazanskaya Oblast
(3,620)
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Sakhalinskaya Oblast
(6,474)
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Sakha (Yakutiya)
(8,172)
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Samarskaya Oblast
(1,992)
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Sankt-Peterburg
(514)
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Saratovskaya Oblast
(3,638)
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Severnaya Osetiya-Alaniya
(924)
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Smolenskaya Oblast
(7,671)
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Stavropol skiy Kray
(3,060)
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Sverdlovskaya Oblast
(5,577)
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Tambovskaya Oblast
(2,936)
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Tatarstan
(3,521)
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Taymyrskiy...
(3,060)
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Tomskaya Oblast
(2,767)
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Tul skaya Oblast
(4,291)
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Tverskaya Oblast
(10,135)
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Tyumenskaya Oblast
(1,758)
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Tyva
(1,072)
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Udmurtiya
(2,639)
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Ul yanovskaya Oblast
(1,283)
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Ust -Ordynskiy...
(875)
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Vladimirskaya Oblast
(2,428)
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Volgogradskaya Oblast
(4,307)
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Vologodskaya Oblast
(6,143)
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Voronezhskaya Oblast
(3,701)
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Yamalo-Nenetskiy...
(3,067)
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Yaroslavskaya Oblast
(2,122)
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Yevreyskaya...
(485)
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