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The principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia - for centuries under the suzerainty of the Turkish Ottoman Empire - secured their autonomy in 1856; they were de facto linked in 1859 and formally united in 1862 under the new name of Romania. The country gained recognition of its independence in 1878. It joined the Allied Powers in World War I and acquired new territories - most notably Transylvania - following the conflict. In 1940, Romania allied with the Axis powers and participated in the 1941 German invasion of the USSR. Three years later, overrun by the Soviets, Romania signed an armistice. The post-war Soviet occupation led to the formation of a Communist "people's republic" in 1947 and the abdication of the king. The decades-long rule of dictator Nicolae CEAUSESCU, who took power in 1965, and his Securitate police state became increasingly oppressive and draconian through the 1980s. CEAUSESCU was overthrown and executed in late 1989. Former Communists dominated the government until 1996 when they were swept from power. Romania joined NATO in 2004 and the EU in 2007.


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Transportation

Airports World Ranking: 89
53 (2012)

Airports - with paved runways
Total 26
Over 3,047 m 4
2,438 to 3,047 m 10
1,524 to 2,437 m 11
Under 914 m 1 (2012)

Airports - with unpaved runways
Total 27
914 to 1,523 m 6
Under 914 m 21 (2012)

Heliports
4 (2012)

Pipelines
Gas 3,652 km; oil 2,424 km (2010)

Railways World Ranking: 21
Total 10,785 km
Broad gauge 135 km 1.524-m gauge
Standard gauge
10,645 km 1.435-m gauge (4,002 km electrified)
Narrow gauge 5 km 1.000-m gauge (2010)

Roadways World Ranking: 57
Total
82,386 km (does not include urban roads)
Paved
71,154 km (includes 371 km of expressways)
Unpaved 11,232 km (2009)

Waterways World Ranking: 46
1,731 km (includes 1,075 km on the Danube River, 524 km on secondary branches, and 132 km on canals) (2010)

Merchant marine World Ranking: 127
Total 5
By type
Cargo 1, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1
Foreign-owned 1 (Russia 1)
Registered in other countries
31 (Georgia 7, Liberia 3, Malta 7, Marshall Islands 2, Moldova 2, Panama 3, Russia 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Sierra Leone 2, Tanzania 1, Togo 1, unknown 1) (2010)

Ports and terminals
Braila, Constanta, Galati (Galatz), Mancanului (Giurgiu), Midia, Tulcea


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Romania (Bucharest):
Country Flag
Country Locator

GPS points from Romania (Bucharest)

square Candesti Judetul Dambovita

square Carpates Romania (general)

square Miclosiu Judetul Mehedinti

square Budesti Judetul Alba

square Gulia Judetul Dambovita

square Dealul Catusu Judetul Arges

square Otetoaia Judetul Vaslui

square Tarungemi Judetul Brasov




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