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Niger became independent from France in 1960 and experienced single-party and military rule until 1991, when Gen. Ali SAIBOU was forced by public pressure to allow multiparty elections, which resulted in a democratic government in 1993. Political infighting brought the government to a standstill and in 1996 led to a coup by Col. Ibrahim BARE. In 1999, BARE was killed in a counter coup by military officers who restored democratic rule and held elections that brought Mamadou TANDJA to power in December of that year. TANDJA was reelected in 2004 and in 2009 spearheaded a constitutional amendment that would allow him to extend his term as president. In February 2010, a military coup deposed TANDJA, immediately suspended the constitution and dissolved the Cabinet. ISSOUFOU Mahamadou emerged victorious from a crowded field in the election following the coup and was inaugurated in April 2011. Niger is one of the poorest countries in the world with minimal government services and insufficient funds to develop its resource base. The largely agrarian and subsistence-based economy is frequently disrupted by extended droughts common to the Sahel region of Africa. The Nigerien Movement for Justice, a predominately Tuareg ethnic group, emerged in February 2007, and attacked several military targets in Niger's northern region throughout 2007 and 2008. Successful government offensives in 2009 limited the rebels' operational capabilities.


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Geography

Location
Western Africa, southeast of Algeria

Geographic coordinates
16 00 N, 8 00 E

Map references
Africa

Area World Ranking: 22
Total 1.267 million sq km
Land 1,266,700 sq km
Water 300 sq km

Area - comparative
Slightly less than twice the size of Texas

Land boundaries
Total 5,697 km
Border countries
Algeria 956 km, Benin 266 km, Burkina Faso 628 km, Chad 1,175 km, Libya 354 km, Mali 821 km, Nigeria 1,497 km

Coastline
0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims
None (landlocked)

Climate
Desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south

Terrain
Predominately desert plains and sand dunes; flat to rolling plains in south; hills in north

Elevation extremes
Lowest point Niger River 200 m
Highest point Idoukal-n-Taghes 2,022 m

Natural resources
Uranium, coal, iron ore, tin, phosphates, gold, molybdenum, gypsum, salt, petroleum

Land use
Arable land 11.43%
Permanent crops 0.01%
Other 88.56% (2005)

Irrigated land
740 sq km (2003)

Total renewable water resources
33.7 cu km (2003)

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)
Total 2.18 cu km/yr (4%/0%/95%)
Per capita 156 cu m/yr (2000)

Natural hazards
Recurring droughts

Environment - current issues
Overgrazing; soil erosion; deforestation; desertification; wildlife populations (such as elephant, hippopotamus, giraffe, and lion) threatened because of poaching and habitat destruction

Environment - international agreements
Party to
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
Signed, but not ratified Law of the Sea

Geography - note
Landlocked; one of the hottest countries in the world; northern four-fifths is desert, southern one-fifth is savanna, suitable for livestock and limited agriculture


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Niger (Niamey):
Country Flag
Country Locator

GPS points from Niger (Niamey)

square Mamaya Dosso

square Assakane Tahoua

square Dan Isa Maradi

square Saidou Bidawa Maradi

square Ouabon (ng05)

square Kiesso-koara Dosso


square Eroupa Tahoua




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