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People And SocietyNationality
Noun Russian(s)
Adjective Russian Ethnic groups
Russian 79.8%, Tatar 3.8%, Ukrainian 2%, Bashkir 1.2%, Chuvash 1.1%, other or unspecified 12.1% (2002 census) Languages
Russian (official), many minority languages Religions
Russian Orthodox 15-20%, Muslim 10-15%, other Christian 2% (2006 est.) Note Estimates are of practicing worshipers; Russia has large populations of non-practicing believers and non-believers, a legacy of over seven decades of Soviet rule Population World Ranking: 9
142,517,670 (July 2012 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years
15.2% (male 10,818,203/female 10,256,611) 15-64 years 71.8% (male 47,480,851/female 52,113,279) 65 years and over 13% (male 5,456,639/female 12,614,309) (2011 est.) Median age
Total 38.8 years
Male 35.6 years Female 42.1 years (2012 est.) Population growth rate World Ranking: 219
-0.48% (2012 est.)
Birth rate World Ranking: 172
10.94 births/1,000 population (2012 est.) Death rate World Ranking: 2
16.03 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.) Net migration rate World Ranking: 69
0.29 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.) Urbanization
Urban population 73% of total population (2010)
Rate of urbanization -0.2% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.) Major cities - population
MOSCOW (capital) 10.523 million; Saint Petersburg 4.575 million; Novosibirsk 1.397 million; Yekaterinburg 1.344 million; Nizhniy Novgorod 1.267 million (2009) Sex ratio
At birth 1.06 male(s)/female
Under 15 years 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over 0.43 male(s)/female Total population 0.85 male(s)/female (2011 est.) Maternal mortality rate World Ranking: 120
34 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) Infant mortality rate World Ranking: 146
Total 9.88 deaths/1,000 live births
Male 11.36 deaths/1,000 live births Female 8.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.) Life expectancy at birth World Ranking: 163
Total population 66.46 years
Male 60.11 years Female 73.18 years (2012 est.) Total fertility rate World Ranking: 176
1.61 children born/woman (2012 est.) Health expenditures World Ranking: 130
5.4% of GDP (2009)
Physicians density
4.309 physicians/1,000 population (2006) Hospital bed density
9.66 beds/1,000 population (2006) Hiv/aids - adult prevalence rate World Ranking: 46
1% (2009 est.)
Hiv/aids - people living with hiv/aids World Ranking: 10
980,000 (2009 est.)
Hiv/aids - deaths
NA
Major infectious diseases
Degree of risk Intermediate
Food or waterborne diseases Bacterial diarrhea Vectorborne disease Tickborne encephalitis Note Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)
Education expenditures World Ranking: 108
3.9% of GDP (2006)
Literacy
Definition
Age 15 and over can read and write Total population 99.6%Male 99.7% Female 99.5% (2010 est.) School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
Total 14 years
Male 14 years Female 15 years (2008) Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 World Ranking: 64
Total 18.3%
Male 17.7% Female 19.1% (2009)
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Russia (Moscow):
 
GPS points from Russia (Moscow)
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Founded in the 12th century, the Principality of Muscovy, was able to emerge from over 200 years of Mongol domination (13th-15th centuries) and to gradually conquer and absorb surrounding principalities. In the early 17th century, a new Romanov Dynasty continued this policy of expansion across Siberia to the Pacific. Under PETER I (ruled 1682-1725), hegemony was extended to the Baltic Sea and the country was renamed the Russian Empire. During the 19th century, more territorial acquisitions were made in Europe and Asia. Defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 contributed to the Revolution of 1905, which resulted in the formation of a parliament and other reforms. Repeated devastating defeats of the Russian army in World War I led to widespread rioting in the major cities of the Russian Empire and to the overthrow in 1917 of the imperial household. The Communists under Vladimir LENIN seized power soon after and formed the USSR. The brutal rule of Iosif STALIN (1928-53) strengthened Communist rule and Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens of millions of lives. The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the following decades until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernize Communism, but his initiatives inadvertently released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into Russia and 14 other independent republics. Since then, Russia has shifted its post-Soviet democratic ambitions in favor of a centralized semi-authoritarian state in which the leadership seeks to legitimize its rule through managed national elections, populist appeals by former President PUTIN, and continued economic growth. Russia has severely disabled a Chechen rebel movement, although violence still occurs throughout the North Caucasus.